autonomic nervous system

Question 1

autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

efferent subdivision of the CNS

Question 2

visceral sensory receptors

Answer 2

feeds into the central nervous system from the information coming out to control an activity

Question 3

what 2 systems is the autonomic system divided into

Answer 3

1.sympathetic nervous system
2.parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

location of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

thoracolumbar-thoracic spinal sections between t1(thoracic 1) and l2(lumbar 2)

Question 5

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

craniosacral (cranial 3, 7, 9 and 10) and sacral region (s2 -s4

Question 6

what are the 4 things visceral things arise from

Answer 6

1.thermoreceptors
2.mechanoreceptors
3.chemoreceptors
4.pain receptors

Question 7

what are thermoreceptors and their?

Answer 7

-they are in the skin
-give information about the body temperature compared to external temperature

Question 8

what are mechanoreceptors and their function?

Answer 8

-these are in the gut wall, bladder wall and blood vessels
-these are gut stretches in the body for example to let you know to digest the food or when the bladder is full it lets it know when you need to urinate

Question 9

chemoreceptors

Answer 9

-carotid bodies in the heart
-can detect blood changes in the blood to make an individual breathe faster to increase oxygen or slower the breathing
-(t1 to t5)

Question 10

pain receptors

Answer 10

-responding to pain or anoxia
-they are similar to chemo receptors but if you stress something to much it will cause a pain sensation

Question 11

why is there referred pain?

Answer 11

crosstalk between the autonomic inflow and cutaneous flow

Question 12

which system does pain travel with

Answer 12

sympathetic nerves

Question 13

what happens in t1 to l2 and l3 in the thoracolumbar?

Answer 13

-outflow comes out of the spinal cord via the anterior horn
-then travels out to form sympathetic ganglia

Question 14

what is sympathetic ganglia

Answer 14

cluster of cells that form outside the vertebral column

Question 15

what is the cell that is coming out of the spinal cord called

Answer 15

pre ganglionic

Question 16

what is the cell coming out the ganglion called?

Answer 16

post-ganglionic which sends out information to different organs

Question 17

adrenal gland

Answer 17

this is where information arises from spinal cord and travels all the way down to the adrenal gland which is the ganglion
acts to stimulate the cells to release adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 18

where does innovations arise in parasympathetic?

Answer 18

projects out to their ganglia towards their ganglia

Question 19

what’s the difference in cells situated in sympathetic and parasympathetic ?

Answer 19

1.sympathetic:ganglia is close to the spinal cord itself
2.parasympathetic: ganglia nerve travels all the way down to meet the ganglion which is close to the ganglion itself

Question 20

what does the three oscular motor control?

Answer 20

eyes

Question 21

what do facial nerves control?

Answer 21

1.salvation
2.tear production

Question 22

what does the vagus nerve control?

Answer 22

it is the wander -travels around the body innovating:
-lung
-heart
-liver
-digestive system
-reproductive system
-the nerves themselves

Question 23

what do the 2 to 4 come out and innovate?

Answer 23

gastrointestinal system which is on the lower end
-also innovates badder
-reproductive organs

Question 24

what does sympathetic system control?

Answer 24

fight, flight and fright behaviours

Question 25

what does the parasympathetic system control?

Answer 25

rest and digest behaviours

Question 26

what are the ganglia situated in the sympathetic called?

Answer 26

paravertebral- run down outside the vertebral column

Question 27

what are the parasympathetic ganglia close to

Answer 27

the target organ

Question 28

what do the pre ganglia fibres situated with the central nervous system feed out to?

Answer 28

power vertebral, sympathetic ganglion chain where they release acetylcholine on the post ganglionic cell which then travels to the travel organ and releases noradrenaline

Question 29

what do the sympathetic pre ganglion do in the adrenal glands?

Answer 29

the fibre exists the spinal cord , travels all the way down to the adrenal gland and travels all the way down and acts directly on the chromatin cells to release noradrenaline which is taken by the vasculature

Question 30

what do the sweat glands controlled in the sympathetic system release?

Answer 30

acetylcholine

Question 31

what controls the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

what region is the hypothalamus in and what does it control.

Answer 32

it is in the deicenphalaon where it controls the homeostasis

Question 33

hypothalamic pituitary axis

Question 34

hypothalamic pitatuary thyroid

Answer 34

controls metabolism

Question 35

hypothalamic pituitary gonadal

Answer 35

controls our reproductive organs

Question 36

what do projections coming out the brainstem do?

Answer 36

feed into the hypothalamus down to the brain stem
they also feed all the way down to the spinal cord to control

Question 37

what does hypothalamus control

Answer 37

-control of body temp
-control of fluid balance
-control of energy
-homeostatis
-control of sexual reproduction and reproduction

Question 38

what does medulla control?

Answer 38

1.respiratory centre
2.cardiac centre
3.vasomotar centre

Question 39

what do the hypothalamus and medulla feed into

Answer 39

the autonomic nervous system

Question 40

reflexes

Answer 40

spinal circuitry -controls function at a certain level

Question 41

what does the tonic activity do in reflexes?- this happens in the autonomic nervous system

Answer 41

-information comes from the gut into the sympathetic chain around up to the dorsal root to the spinal cord where it controls the motor flow
-or go out to the gut work and change activity

Question 42

what does tonic activity do to the muscles

Answer 42

relax the muscles or seek or increase the secretions

Question 43

what do hypothalamus do to the activates

Answer 43

regulate and deregulate normal reflexes