Clinical Psych Unit Test Flashcards
a. Aaron Beck
b. Albert Ellis
c. Joseph Wolpe
a. Created the popular cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
b. An early pioneer of cognitive therapy who created rational-emotive behavioral therapy
c. created systematic desensitization, now used to treat phobias
a. Mary Cover Jones
b. Carl Rogers
a. one of the first people to apply classical conditioning techniques to psychological treatment; successfully treated a child’s rabbit phobia by pairing rabbits with a positive stimulus
b. creator of client-centered therapy, the most popular humanistic psychotherapy
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
the diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association, used to categorize and diagnose psychological disorders
a. Medical Model
b. Psychoanalytic Model
a. maintains that abnormal behaviors are symptoms of an underlying disease
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors are caused by repressed memories of childhood trauma and unconscious conflicts
a. Humanistic Model
b. Cognitive Model
a. views psychological disorders as temporary impediments to self-actualization that result from unsatisfied needs
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors result from faulty beliefs and maladaptive emotional responses
Biological Model
maintains that psychological disorders result from imbalances in brain chemistry and other biological causes, including heredity and evolution
a. Sociocultural Model
b. Behavioral Model
a. maintains that psychological disorders are culturally specific and caused by a variety of social and cultural factors
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors are the products of learning, just like any other behaviors
what are the 4 D’s
Deviant, Distressing, Dysfunctional, Dangerous
a. Specific Phobia
b. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
c. Obsessions
d. Compulsions
a. Intense, irrational fear responses to specific stimuli
b. Compound disorder of thought and behavior
c. are persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts that an individual cannot get out of their mind
d. are ritualistic behaviors performed repeatedly
a. Schizoid Personality Disorder “Aloof”
b. Schizotypal Personality Disorder “Awkward”
a. Characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion
b. Characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities
a. Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)
b. Borderline Personality Disorder
a. Characterized by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people’s rights (closely linked to criminal behavior)
b. Characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behavior
a. Histrionic Personality Disorder
b. Avoidant Personality Disorder
a. Characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality (dramatic) and attention seeking
b. Characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation/potential rejection, humiliation
a. Dependent Personality Disorder
b. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
a. Characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of
b. Characterized by an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the person loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency
a. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
b. Intellectual Disability (ID)
a. Disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities
b. Disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average
a. Somatic Symptom Disorder (SDD)
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD)
a. Characterized by physical symptoms including pain, and high anxiety in these individuals about having a disease
b. Characterized by a preoccupation with a serious medical or health condition with either no or mild physical (somatic) symptoms such as nausea or dizziness that has persisted for 6 months