Clinical Psych Unit Test

Question 1

a. Aaron Beck
b. Albert Ellis
c. Joseph Wolpe

Answer 1

a. Created the popular cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
b. An early pioneer of cognitive therapy who created rational-emotive behavioral therapy
c. created systematic desensitization, now used to treat phobias

Question 2

a. Mary Cover Jones
b. Carl Rogers

Answer 2

a. one of the first people to apply classical conditioning techniques to psychological treatment; successfully treated a child’s rabbit phobia by pairing rabbits with a positive stimulus
b. creator of client-centered therapy, the most popular humanistic psychotherapy

Question 3

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Answer 3

the diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association, used to categorize and diagnose psychological disorders

Question 4

a. Medical Model
b. Psychoanalytic Model

Answer 4

a. maintains that abnormal behaviors are symptoms of an underlying disease
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors are caused by repressed memories of childhood trauma and unconscious conflicts

Question 5

a. Humanistic Model
b. Cognitive Model

Answer 5

a. views psychological disorders as temporary impediments to self-actualization that result from unsatisfied needs
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors result from faulty beliefs and maladaptive emotional responses

Question 6

Biological Model

Answer 6

maintains that psychological disorders result from imbalances in brain chemistry and other biological causes, including heredity and evolution

Question 7

a. Sociocultural Model
b. Behavioral Model

Answer 7

a. maintains that psychological disorders are culturally specific and caused by a variety of social and cultural factors
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors are the products of learning, just like any other behaviors

Question 8

what are the 4 D’s

Answer 8

Deviant, Distressing, Dysfunctional, Dangerous

Question 9

a. Specific Phobia
b. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
c. Obsessions
d. Compulsions

Answer 9

a. Intense, irrational fear responses to specific stimuli
b. Compound disorder of thought and behavior
c. are persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts that an individual cannot get out of their mind
d. are ritualistic behaviors performed repeatedly

Question 10

a. Schizoid Personality Disorder “Aloof”
b. Schizotypal Personality Disorder “Awkward”

Answer 10

a. Characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion
b. Characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities

Question 11

a. Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)
b. Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 11

a. Characterized by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people’s rights (closely linked to criminal behavior)
b. Characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behavior

Question 12

a. Histrionic Personality Disorder
b. Avoidant Personality Disorder

Answer 12

a. Characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality (dramatic) and attention seeking
b. Characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation/potential rejection, humiliation

Question 13

a. Dependent Personality Disorder
b. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Answer 13

a. Characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of
b. Characterized by an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the person loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency

Question 14

a. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
b. Intellectual Disability (ID)

Answer 14

a. Disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities
b. Disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average

Question 15

a. Somatic Symptom Disorder (SDD)
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD)

Answer 15

a. Characterized by physical symptoms including pain, and high anxiety in these individuals about having a disease
b. Characterized by a preoccupation with a serious medical or health condition with either no or mild physical (somatic) symptoms such as nausea or dizziness that has persisted for 6 months

Question 16

a. Conversion Disorder
b. Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 16

a. Characterized by loss of some bodily function without physical damage to the affected organs or their neural connections
b. Loss of memory for a traumatic event or period of time that is too painful for an individual to remember

Question 17

a. Dopamine Hypothesis
b. Diagnostic Labels

Answer 17

a. High fluctuation of levels of dopamine can be responsible for schizophrenic symptoms
b. the categories of disorders recognized by the DSM, used to diagnose patients

Question 18

Rosenhan Experiment

Answer 18

Experiment underscoring the way that diagnostic labels can bias people’s perceptions of patients; hospital staff did not recognize that pseudopatients with a diagnosis of mental illness were in fact health

Question 19

a. Psychotherapy
b. Pharmacological Treatment

Answer 19

a. an ongoing relationship between a patient and a therapist, in which the two discuss the patient’s experiences and symptoms
b. when a mental health professional prescribes a drug for a patient to alleviate psychological distress

Question 20

a. Systematic Desensitization
b. Aversion Therapy

Answer 20

a. Developed by Joseph Wolpe, a client makes a list of fears and then learns to relax while concentrating on these fears
b. Pairing an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced

Question 21

a. Gestalt Therapy
b. Cognitive Distortions

Answer 21

a. a humanistic therapy that maintains that psychological distress occurs when patients focus on what could be, rather than on the present moment; developed by Fritz Perls
b. automatic and irrational perceptions of the world that contribute to feelings of anxiety or depression

Question 22

a. Core Belief
b. Cognitive Restructuring

Answer 22

a. a deeply held belief that guides an individual’s thoughts
b. a cognitive therapy technique that requires patients to challenge irrational beliefs and replace them with more realistic ones

Question 23

a. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists
b. Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Answer 23

a. Human emotions and behavior are predominantly generated by ideas, beliefs, attitudes and thinking
b. Developed in 1950s by Albert Ellis, psychological problems arise when thoughts are irrational and lead to behavioral consequences that are distressful

Question 24

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Answer 24

Researched by Aaron Beck, based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together

Question 25

a, Resistance “Mental Blocks”
b. Transference

Answer 25

a. The patient’s conscious or unconscious attempt to block disturbing memories, motives, and experiences (sensitive material)
b. The process by which a patient projects or transfers unresolved conflicts and feelings onto the therapist

Question 26

a. SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
b. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
c. Deep Brian Stimulation

Answer 26

a. blocks the reuptake of serotonin
b. A biological treatment in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patient’s forehead
c. an invasive biomedical treatment that delivers electric shocks to the brain directly through an implanted electrode sometimes used for severe OCD