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AP PSYCH > Ap Psych Unit 3 biology + sleep stuff; matching quiz > Flashcards

Ap Psych Unit 3 biology + sleep stuff; matching quiz Flashcards

1
Q

dendrites

A

neurons branching extensions that receive and integrate messages

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2
Q

myelin sheath

A

enables greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next
Protect+move faster

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3
Q

action potential

A

a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

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4
Q

refractory period

A

a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired

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5
Q

reuptake

A

the reabsorption by a neuron of a neurotransmitter

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6
Q

agonist

A

molecule that increases a neurotransmitters action

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7
Q

axon

A

neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons

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8
Q

all-or-none response

A

neurons reaction to either firing (at full strength) or not firing

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9
Q

endorphins

A

natural opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

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10
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

A

division of the autonomic system that arouses the body

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12
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues

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13
Q

pituitary gland

A

regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

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14
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

peripheral nervous system part, controls the glands and muscles of internal organs

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15
Q

sensory (afferent) neurons

A

carry info from the body’s tissues & sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

adrenal glands

A

secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

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17
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A

carry outgoing info from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

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18
Q

endocrine system

A

set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

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19
Q

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

A

amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface

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20
Q

PET scan

A

detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain does a task

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21
Q

cerebellum

A

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem

22
Q

hypothalamus

A

helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, linked to emotion and reward

23
Q

hippocampus

A

helps process for storage of explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events

24
Q

limbic system

A

neural system (including amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus)

25
Q

lesion

A

naturally or experimentally causes destruction of brain tissue

26
Q

brainstem

A

responsible for automatic survival functions

27
Q

medulla

A

base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

28
Q

frontal lobes

A

portion of cerebral cortex involved in making plans and judgements

29
Q

plasticity

A

brains ability to change especially during childhood

30
Q

occipital lobes

A

includes areas that receive info from the visual fields

31
Q

parietal lobes

A

receives sensory input for touch and body position

32
Q

cerebral cortex

A

brain’s outer surface of interconnected neural cells

33
Q

neurogenesis

A

the formation of new neurons

34
Q

motor cortex

A

area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

35
Q

association areas

A

involves higher mental functions like learning, thinking, & speaking

36
Q

corpus callosum

A

large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres

37
Q

dual processing

A

info often simultaneously processed on conscious and unconscious tracks

38
Q

parallel processing

A

processing many aspect of a problem simultaneously

39
Q

blindsight

A

a person can respond to visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

40
Q

heritability

A

proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes

41
Q

heredity

A

the genetic transfer of characteristics from parent to offspring

42
Q

DNA

A

complex molecule containing the genetic info; makes up chromosomes

43
Q

identical (monozygotic) twins

A

develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two

44
Q

epigenetics

A

environmental influences in gene expression that occur without a DNA change

45
Q

fraternal (dizygotic) twins

A

develop from separate fertilized eggs

46
Q

molecular behavior genetics

A

studies the molecular structure and function of genes

47
Q

environment

A

every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

48
Q

genes

A

biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes

49
Q

mutation

A

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

50
Q

social script

A

a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

AP PSYCH (21 decks)

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