6: Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

energy necessary for reactions to occur

A

activation energy

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2
Q

enzyme’s specific region to which the substrate binds

A

active site

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3
Q

inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the enzyme’s affinity for its substrate

A

allosteric inhibition

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4
Q

pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones (simple to complex)

A

anabolic

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5
Q

adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency

A

ATP

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6
Q

study of energy flowing through living
systems

A

bioenergetics

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7
Q

pathways in which complex molecules break down into simpler ones (complex to simple)

A

catabolic

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8
Q

potential energy in chemical bonds that releases when those bonds are broken

A

chemical energy

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9
Q

small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance an enzyme’s activity

A

coenzyme

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10
Q

inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal enzyme activity regulation

A

cofactor

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11
Q

type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the enzyme’s active site

A

competitive inhibition

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12
Q

process that changes a subtance’s natural properties

A

denature

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13
Q

describes chemical reactions that require energy input

A

endergonic

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14
Q

a system’s total energy

A

enthalpy

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15
Q

measure of randomness or disorder within a system

A

entropy (S)

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16
Q

describes chemical reactions that release free energy

A

exergonic

17
Q

a product’s effect of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the first enzyme’s activity in the pathway that produces it

A

feedback inhibition

18
Q

Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work

A

free energy

19
Q

energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the molecules’ motion or particles)

A

heat

20
Q

total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction

A

heat energy

21
Q

dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding

A

induced fit

22
Q

energy type that takes place with objects or particles in motion

A

kinetic energy

23
Q

all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism

A

metabolism

24
Q

bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule

A

phosphoanhydride bond

25
Q

energy type that has the potential to do work; stored energy

A

potential energy

26
Q

molecule on which the enzyme acts

A

substrate

27
Q

study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter

A

thermodynamics

28
Q

high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction

A

transition state

29
Q

the system’s total energy change subtracted by the amount of energy lost to entropy - measurement of change in free energy

A

delta G (∆G)