chapter 9 neck and trunk

Question 1

define the Annulus fibrosis

Answer 1

Outer portion
Several concentrically arranged fibrocartilagenous rings
Contain the nucleus pulposus

Question 1

define the Nucleus pulposus

Answer 1

Pulpy gelatinous substance
High water content
Birth ~80% water
at 60 years of age ~70% water
In center of disk

Question 2

define the axis of the dens

Answer 2

Odontoid process
Large vertical projection
Anterior aspect of C2
Cervical rotation occurs through its articulation with the atlas

Question 3

the function of axis

Answer 3

Forms the pivot upon which the atlas, supporting the head, rotates

Question 4

what are the joints of cervical

Answer 4

Atlanto-occipital articulation
Atlantoaxial articulation

Question 5

what are the ligaments of Atlanto - occipital

Answer 5

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane - an extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament
Thin superiorly

Tectorial membrane - continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament, Sling to support the spinal cord as it enters the vertebral column

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane – secures the weight of the head on the neck

Question 6

define the Atlanto-occipital

Answer 6

Formed by right and left condyles of the occiput articulating with the superior articular facets of the atlas

Question 7

the synovial of atlanto- occipital

Answer 7

Odontoid process (dens) of the axis

Anterior arch of the atlas anteriorly and transverse ligament posteriorly

Two synovial cavities, Pivot joint

Question 8

the function of anterior of c2-s1

Answer 8

Strong, weight-bearing articulations
Between vertebral bodies

Question 9

the function of posterior

Answer 9

Two articulations called facet joints
These determine the amount of motion and type of motion possible

Question 10

what are the articulation of facet joints

Answer 10

Inferior articular process of the vertebra above

Superior articular process of the vertebra below

Question 11

what are the synovial joints

Answer 11

Synovial membrane
Articular capsular ligament
Thoracic - costal facets

Question 12

Lumbar orientation is in the

Answer 12

sagittal plane meaning is flexion/extension greater than lateral flexion and rotation

Question 13

Thoracic orientation is in the

Answer 13

frontal plane meaning rotation/ lateral flexion is greater. flexion/ extension is less

Question 14

Cervical orientation is

Answer 14

triplanar

Question 15

the function of anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 15

Anterior surface of bodies
Prevents excessive hyperextension
Thin superiorly
Thick inferiorly to fuse with sacrum

Question 16

function of posteriorly longitudinal ligament

Answer 16

Runs posterior aspect of vertebral bodies inside the vertebral foramen

Prevents excessive flexion

Thick superiorly to help support the skull
Thin inferiorly, contributes to instability and increased disk injury in lumbar area

Question 17

interspinous ligament

Answer 17

Runs between successive spinous processes

Question 18

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 18

Connect adjacent laminae anteriorly

Question 19

what are the nerves of sternoclavicmastoid

Answer 19

Accessory (cranial nerve XI), C2 and C3 nerves

Question 19

what are the nerves of scalenes

Answer 19

Lower cervical nerve

Question 20

what are the nerves of splenius cervicis and capitas

Answer 20

Middle and lower cervical nerves

Question 21

what are the nerves of rectus abdominis

Answer 21

Intercostal nerves 7-12

Question 22

what are the nerves of external oblique

Answer 22

8-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 23

what are the nerves of internal oblique

Answer 23

8-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 24

what are the nerves of traverse abdominis

Answer 24

7-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 25

what are the nerves of erector spinae and traversospinalis

Answer 25

Spinal nerves