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Pre > Vital signs > Flashcards

Vital signs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Vital signs (4)

A

❖Arterial pulse
❖Blood pressure
❖Respiratory rate
❖Temperature

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2
Q

pressure wave generated by ejection of blood into the circulation from the left ventricle

A

Arterial pulse

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3
Q

3 sites to find Arterial pulse

A

Radial pulse
Brachial pulse
Carotid pulse

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4
Q

Beats per min

A

Heart Rate

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5
Q

regular or not
To describe ….

A

Rhythm

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6
Q

perceived degree
of pulsation

A

Volume

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7
Q

pulse waveform
impression or shape

A

Character

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8
Q

brachial, carotid or femoral
Best to feel ….

A

Volume + Character

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9
Q

Radial artery
Best to feel ….

A

Rate + Rhythm

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10
Q

Normal heart rate at rest is

A

60-100beat/min

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11
Q

If the rhythm is irregular, better to ….. and check …..

A

count the for full one
minute

heart rate by the stethoscope

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12
Q

Bradycardia is defined as ……

A

pulse rate of < 60 bpm

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13
Q

Tachycardia is defined as

A

rate of > 100 bpm

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14
Q

Exercise
Cause …….

A

Tachycardia sinus rhythm

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15
Q

Pain
Cause …….

A

Tachycardia sinus rhythm

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16
Q

Excitement/ anxiety
Cause …….

A

Tachycardia sinus rhythm

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17
Q

Fever
Cause …….

A

Tachycardia sinus rhythm

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18
Q

Hyperthyroidism
Cause …….

A

Tachycardia sinus rhythm

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19
Q

Sympathominetics eg. Salbutamol
Cause …….

A

Tachycardia sinus rhythm

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20
Q

Vasodilators
Cause …….

A

Tachycardia sinus rhythm

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21
Q

Sleep
Cause …….

A

Bradycardia sinus rhythm

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22
Q

Athletic training
Cause …….

A

Bradycardia sinus rhythm

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23
Q

Hypothyroidism
Cause …….

A

Bradycardia sinus rhythm

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24
Q

Beta-blockers
Cause …….

A

Bradycardia sinus rhythm

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25
Q

Digoxin
Cause …….

A

Bradycardia sinus rhythm

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26
Q

Verapamil, diltiazem
Cause …….

A

Bradycardia sinus rhythm

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27
Q

Sinus arrhythmia

A

Sinus rhythm irregular pulse

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28
Q

Atrial extrasystoles

A

Sinus rhythm irregular pulse

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29
Q

Ventricular extrasystole

A

Sinus rhythm irregular pulse

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30
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Arrhythmic tachycardia / Arrhythmia irregular pulse

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31
Q

Atrial flutter

A

Arrhythmic tachycardia

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32
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia

A

Arrhythmic tachycardia

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33
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

Arrhythmic tachycardia

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34
Q

Caroited sinus

A

Arrhythmic bradycardia

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35
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Arrhythmic bradycardia

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36
Q

Sick sinus syndrome

A

Arrhythmic bradycardia

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37
Q

2nd-degree heart block

A

Arrhythmic bradycardia

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38
Q

Complete heart block

A

Arrhythmic bradycardia

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39
Q

Atrial flutter with variable responses

A

Arrhythmia irregular pulse

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40
Q

2nd-degree hear block with variable response

A

Arrhythmia irregular pulse

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41
Q

regular, but heart rate varies with the respiratory cycle, particularly in children, young adults or athletes

A

Sinus rhythm

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42
Q

sinus arrhythmia/physiological arrythmia
Other names of …….

A

Sinus rhythm

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43
Q

there may be an underlying regularity to the pulse, interspersed with periods of irregularity

A

Intermittent extrasystoles (ectopics) or second-degree atrioventricular block

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44
Q

Intermittent extrasystoles (ectopics) or second-degree atrioventricular block

sometimes referred to as …..

A

regularly irregular

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45
Q

Pulse has no appreciable pattern ‘irregularly irregular’

A

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

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46
Q

Pulse volume varies

A

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

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47
Q

Pulse deficit

A

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

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48
Q

A large pulse volume is a reflection of ………

A

large pulse pressure

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49
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in exercise
is ……..

A

Physiological

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50
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in pregnancy
is ……..

A

Physiological

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51
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in advanced age
is ……..

A

Physiological

52
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in increased environmental temperature
is ……..

A

Physiological

53
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in hypertension
is ……..

A

Pathological

54
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in fever
is ……..

A

Pathological

55
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in thyrotoxicosis
is ……..

A

Pathological

56
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in anemia
is ……..

A

Pathological

57
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in aortic regurgitation
is ……..

A

Pathological

58
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in Padget’s disease of bone
is ……..

A

Pathological

59
Q

The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in peripheral atrioventricular shunt
is ……..

A

Pathological

60
Q

Severe heart failure has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..

A

Low

Reduced stroke volume

61
Q

Hypovolemia has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..

A

Low

Reduced ventricular filling

62
Q

Cardiac tamponade has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..

A

Low

Reduced ventricular filling

63
Q

Mitral stenosis has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..

A

Low

Reduced ventricular filling

64
Q

Coarctation of the aorta has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..

A

Low

impaired blood flow

65
Q

Atherosclerosis or stenosis of peripheral arteries

A

Asymmetric pulses

66
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Asymmetric pulses

67
Q

gradual upstroke with a reduced peak occurring late in systole, and is a feature of severe aortic stenosis

A

Slow-rising pulse

68
Q

occurring late in systole

A

Slow-rising pulse

69
Q

feature of severe aortic stenosis

A

Slow-rising pulse

70
Q

peak of the pulse wave arrives early and is followed by a rapid fall in pressure

A

Collapsing pulse

71
Q

exaggerated by raising the patient’s arm above the level of the heart

A

Collapsing pulse

72
Q

may occur with severe aortic regurgitation

A

Collapsing pulse

73
Q

Double systolic peak, is classically produced by concomitant aortic stenosis and regurgitation

A

Pulsus bisferiens

74
Q

Beat-to-beat variation in pulse volume with a normal rhythm, may occur in advanced heart failure

A

Pulsus alternans

75
Q

may occur in advanced heart failure

A

Pulsus alternans

76
Q

Exaggeration of the normal variability of pulse volume with breathing

A

Pulsus paradoxus

77
Q

usually due to accumulation of pericardial fluid (cardiac tamponade) but can occur to a lesser extent with pericardial constriction and in acute severe asthma

A

Pulsus paradoxus

78
Q

can occur to a lesser extent with pericardial constriction and in acute severe asthma

A

Pulsus paradoxus

79
Q

measure of the pressure that the circulating blood exerts against the arterial walls

A

Blood pressure (BP)

80
Q

provides vital information on the hemodynamic condition of patients

A

Blood pressure (BP)

81
Q

maximal pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction (systole)

A

Systolic pressure

82
Q

maximal pressure that occurs during ventricular filling

A

Diastole pressure

83
Q

BP constantly varies and rises with (3)

A

stress, excitement and
environment

84
Q

BP Reading record as

A

BP, which arm, position of patient

Eg. BP 146/92 mmHg, right arm, supine

85
Q

transient increase in BP caused by the stress of being in a healthcare setting

A

White coat hypertension

86
Q

Different BP in each arm

difference of >10 mmHg on repeated measurements suggests the presence of ……

A

aortic or subclavian artery disease

87
Q

In Different BP in each arm Record the …………. and use this to guide management

A

highest pressure

88
Q

Proper cuff size

A

bladder should be approximately

80% of the length

40% of the width

of the upper arm circumference

89
Q

standard adult cuff has a bladder that measures approximately …….

and suits an arm circumference of ……

A

13×30 cm

22–26 cm

90
Q

In obese patients a standard adult cuff will

A

overestimate BP

91
Q

In obese patients use large adult bladder (…….)

A

16×38 cm

92
Q

sounds appear at systolic pressure and disappear for an interval between systolic and diastolic pressure

A

Korotkoff sounds

93
Q

Korotkoff sounds found in

A

up to 20% of elderly hypertensive patients

94
Q

If the first appearance of Korotkoff sound is missed, the systolic pressure will be recorded at …….

A

falsely low level

95
Q

If the first appearance of Korotkoff sound is missed, the systolic pressure will be recorded at a falsely low level.
Avoid this by…….

A

palpating the systolic pressure first

96
Q

Appropriate level of patient’s arm

A

patient’s elbow should be level with the heart

97
Q

Hydrostatic pressure causes

A

change of approximately 5 mmHg in recorded systolic and diastolic BP
for a 7 cm change in arm elevation

98
Q

Respiratory rate (RR)
Should be ….

A

Quietly observe and time without drawing the patient’s attention to it

99
Q

drawing the patient’s attention to respiratory rate observe and time may cause it to change
To avoid that ……

A

Feeling the radial pulse, while timing breathing

100
Q

At rest (adult), RR is normally

A

12–20 breaths per minute

101
Q

Tachypnea, RR is

A

> 20

102
Q

Bradypnea, RR is

A

<10

103
Q

Avoid the use of glass thermometers with mercury, why?

A

The glass can break, and mercury is a poison

104
Q

Electronic thermometers are most often suggested. The probe can be placed in ….. (3)

A

mouth, rectum, or armpit

105
Q

results are less accurate than with probe thermometers

A

Electronic ear thermometers

106
Q

more accurate than ear thermometers and their accuracy is similar to probe thermometers

A

Electronic forehead thermometers

107
Q

When probe placed in the mouth

A

Place it under the tongue and close the mouth
Keep it for 3 minutes or until the device beeps

108
Q

When probe placed in the Rectum

A

Used for infants and small children who cannot hold a thermometer safely in their mouth

Put some lubricant gel on the bulb of a rectal thermometer

Place the child face down on a flat surface or lap Spread the buttocks and insert the bulb end about 1 to 2.5 centimeters into the anal canal

Remove after 3 minutes or when the device beeps

109
Q

When probe placed in the Armpit

A

Press the arm against the body.

Wait for 5 minutes before reading

110
Q

measurement of body temperature can help …… (2)

A

detect illness

monitor whether or not treatment is working

111
Q

normal’ oral temperature may range between

A

35.8°C and 37.2°C (Mean 36.5)

112
Q

‘normal’ Rectal temperature is about

A

0.5°C higher than oral

113
Q

‘normal’ axillary temperature is about

A

0.5°C lower than oral

114
Q

increase in body temperature

(morning oral temperature >37.2°C
Or
afternoon temperature of >37.7°C)

A

Fever

115
Q

core temperature <35°c

A

Hypothermia

116
Q

temperature above 41.1°C

A

Hyperpyrexia

117
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Anxiety
Described as ….

A

Tachypnoea

118
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Pain
Described as ….

A

Tachypnoea

119
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Asthma
Described as ….

A

Tachypnoea

120
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Metabolic acidosis
Described as ….

A

Tachypnoea

121
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Chest injury
Described as ….

A

Tachypnoea

122
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Pneumothorax
Described as ….

A

Tachypnoea

123
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Pulmonary embolus
Described as ….

A

Tachypnoea

124
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Brain stem stroke
Described as ….

A

Tachypnoea

125
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Cardiac arrest
Described as ….

A

Bradypnoea/ apnoea

126
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Opioids/ other sedative overdose
Described as ….

A

Bradypnoea/ apnoea

127
Q

Respiratory rate (RR) in Central neurological causes (stroke, head injury)
Described as ….

A

Bradypnoea/ apnoea

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