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Pre > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

When an electrical impulse goes towards an electrode generates .….

A

positive wave

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2
Q

When an electrical impulse goes away from an electrode generates .……..

A

negative wave

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3
Q

When an electrical impulse goes towards and then away causes

A

biphasic wave

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4
Q

Lateral leads are ………
(4)
The cardiac vessel there is …….

A

L1 (I), aVL, V5, V6

Left circumflex artery (LCx) or diagonal of LAD

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5
Q

Inferior leads are ………
(3)
The cardiac vessel there is …….

A

L3 (II), L3 (III), aVF

Right coronary artery (RCA) +/ LCx

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6
Q

Anterior/ septal leads are ………
(4)
The cardiac vessel there is …….

A

V1, V2, V3, V4

Left anterior descending

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7
Q

1 small square is …… and ……

A

1mm wide
1mm high

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8
Q

1 big square is

A

5 small squares wide and high

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9
Q

The speed of the ECG machine is …..

A

25 mm per second

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10
Q

Flat, straight aisoelectric line

A

Base line

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11
Q

Deviantion or movement away from baseline may be upward or downward

A

Wave form

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12
Q

A line between 2 waves

A

Segment

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13
Q

A waveform plus a segment
shows time duration

A

Interval

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14
Q

Combination of several waveform without segment

A

Complex

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15
Q

Squares high represent ……..

A

Voltage
Mass

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16
Q

Squares wide represent ……..

A

Speed
Rate

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17
Q

1 Square represents…….. s

5 Squares represent…….. s

A

0.04

0.2

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18
Q

1 Square represents…….. mV

5 Squares represent…….. mV

A

0.1

0.5

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19
Q

PR interval normal duration is ……. s

A

0.12 - 0.2

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20
Q

QRS complex normal duration is ……. s

A

0.08 - 0.10

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21
Q

QT interval normal duration is ……. s

A

0.4 - 0.43

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22
Q

RR interval normal duration is ……. s

A

0.6 - 1

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23
Q

Limb leads are ……..
(6)

A

lead I, II, III, aVL, aVR, and aVF

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24
Q

The letter “a” in some limb leads stands for …….

A

augmented

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25
Q

Precordial (chest) leads are ……..
(6)

A

V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6

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26
Q

aVR attached to …….

A

Rt arm

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27
Q

aVL attached to …….

A

Let arm

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28
Q

aVF attached to …….

A

Let foot

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29
Q

Lead I between …….

A

aVR and aVL

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30
Q

Lead II between …….

A

aVR and aVF

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31
Q

Lead III between …….

A

aVL and aVF

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32
Q

P wave is ……

A

Atrial depolarization

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33
Q

QRS complex is ……

A

Ventricular depolarization

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34
Q

T wave is ……

A

Ventricular repolarization

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35
Q

P wave absent in ……

A

Atrial fibrillation

36
Q

P wave inverted in ……

A

aVR

37
Q

Q wave is abnormally wide when

A

> 0.2 s

38
Q

Q wave is abnormally deep when

A

> 5 mm

39
Q

Abnormal Q waves indicate

A

fully established myocardial infarction (MI)

40
Q

Abnormal Q wave in II, III, and aVF indicates

A

established inferior wall infarction

41
Q

Progression of ST segment elevation

A

MI : min - h

42
Q

Loss of R wave,
Q wave formation

A

MI: h - d

43
Q

T wave inversion

A

MI: ds

44
Q

T wave normalisation, …..

A

MI: d - w - m

45
Q

Abnormal Q wave in VI (1), VII (2) indicates ……

A

Fully established septal wall infarction

46
Q

Abnormal Q wave in VIII (3), VIIII (4) indicates ……

A

Fully established anterior wall infarction

47
Q

Abnormal Q wave in VI (1), VII (2), VIII (3), VIIII (4) indicates ……

A

Fully established anteroseptal wall infarction

48
Q

Abnormal Q wave in LI (1), aVL, V5, V6 indicates ……

A

Fully established lateral wall infarction

49
Q

Abnormal Q wave in LI (1), aVL, V3, V4, V5, V6 indicates ……

A

Fully established anterolateral wall infarction

50
Q

can be too broad or too tall, and it may contain an abnormal Q wave

A

QRS complex

51
Q

QRS duration will lengthen when …….

A

electrical activity takes a long time to travel through the ventricular myocardium

52
Q

QRS complex is considered abnormal when …….

A

duration of greater than 0.12 seconds

53
Q

Low voltage QRS complex is …….

A

When the hight of R or S wave is not more than 5mm

54
Q

Low voltage QRS complex seen in ……. (4)

A

Hypothyroidism

Pericardial effusion

Thick chest wall

Problem in ECG machine

55
Q

T wave inversion common causes are ………… (4)

A

Myocardial ischemia

Myocardial infarction

Ventricular strain

Treatment with digoxin

56
Q

Prolong PR interval shows ……

A

Delayed conduction from SA to AV node

57
Q

No. of squares in the PR interval is …..

A

3 - 5 small

58
Q

Short PR interval indicates ….

A

Wolff-parkinson-white

59
Q

Long PR interval indicates …..

A

1st degree AV block

60
Q

Prolonged QT interval reflects ……

A

delayed myocardial repolarization

61
Q

Long QT intervals increase the risks of …….

A

fatal arrhythmias

62
Q

fatal arrhythmias may result in …….

A

fainting attacks, cardiac arrest and even sudden cardiac death

63
Q

What can cause prolonged QT interval?

A

Electrolyte abnormalities and certain drugs

64
Q

drugs may prolong QT interval
(3)

A

Hypocalcemia ,Fluconazole, Levofloxacin

65
Q

PR segment depression is often associated with

A

pericarditis

66
Q

It’s transient but early and specific for pericarditis

A

PR segment depression

67
Q

ST segment represents ……

A

interval between depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles

68
Q

ST elevation may indicate ……..
(4)

A

Normal variant

Acute MI

Prinzmetal’s angina

Acute pericarditis

69
Q

ST depression may indicate ……..
(3)

A

Normal variant

Ischaemic

Digoxin toxicity

70
Q

the axis of an ECG is …….

A

the sum of all the ventricular electrical forces during ventricular depolarization

71
Q

axis is normal

A

normal (Ω30° to +90°)

72
Q

axis is LAD

A

left-deviated (<Ω30°)

73
Q

axis is RAD

A

right deviated (>+90°)

74
Q

The simplest way of determining left axis or right axis deviation is based on …….

A

direction of QRS complex in Lead 1 and 3

75
Q

If QRS complex in Lead 1 and 3 point away from each other
It is …….

A

LAD

Lovers leaving&raquo_space; left axis deviation

76
Q

If the QRS complex in Lead 1 and 3 aim in the same direction
It is …….

A

RAD

Lovers returning&raquo_space; right axis deviation

77
Q

common causes of right axis deviation are …….
(5)

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Pulmonary embolism

Dextrocardia

Ventricular ectopic rhythms

Anterio lateral myocardial infarction

78
Q

common Causes for left
axis deviation are ……..
(4)

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

VT from a left ventricular focus

Ventricular ectopic rhythms

Inferior wall myocardial infarction

79
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm P waves are ……

A

present

80
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Is there a P wave before every QRS complex?

A

Yes

Originate in SA node

81
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm rhythm is …..

A

Regular

82
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm PR intervals and QRS complexes are …….

A

Normal

83
Q

Calculating heart Rate

A

Beats/min = 300 divided by the number of large boxes (each 5 mm apart) between consecutive QRS complexes.

=300/ RR interval (in large squares)

84
Q

Calibration mark

A

A mark ensures ECG machines accuracy

85
Q

Check slide

A

Pre (18 decks)

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