topic 7

Question 1

genotype

Answer 1

genetic constitution of an organism

Question 2

phenotype

Answer 2

expression of genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment

Question 3

alleles

Answer 3

variation of particular gene on same locus arise by mutation (changes in base sequence)

Question 4

how many alleles of a gene can be found in a diploid organism

Answer 4

2 as diploid organism have two sets of chromosomes
but there may be many alleles of a single gene in population

Question 5

Homozygous

Answer 5

Alleles at a specific locus are the same

Question 6

Heterozygous

Answer 6

Alleles at a specific locus are different

Question 7

Mono hybrid cross

Answer 7

Inheritance of one phenotypic characteristic coded for by a single gene

Question 8

Dihybrid cross

Answer 8

Inheritance of 2 phenotypic characteristics coded for by 2 different genes

Question 9

Sex linked gene

Answer 9

A gene with a locus on a sex chromosome

Question 10

How does autosomal linkage affect inheritance of alleles

Answer 10

2 genes located on same autosome (non sex chromosome)
So allele on same chromosome inherited together and stay together during independent segregation of homologous chromosome during meiosis
But crossing over between homologous chromosome create new combos of allele

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

Group of organisms of the same species in one area at one time that can interbreed

Question 12

Gene pool

Answer 12

All the alleles of all the genes in a population at one time

Question 13

What does hardy Weinberg principal state

Answer 13

Allele frequency will not change from generation to generation :
If population large
No immigration
No mutation
No selection
Mating is random

Question 14

Evolution

Answer 14

Change in allele frequency over time occurring through the process of natural selection

Question 15

Factors that may drive natural selection

Answer 15

Predator disease and competition for means of survival
Leading to differential survival and reproduction