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trends in bio > ch 14 Plants > Flashcards

ch 14 Plants Flashcards

1
Q

kingdom plants that can photosynthesize are part of

A

Kingdom Plantae

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2
Q

what are the cell walls of plant cells made of and what does it do?

A

Cellulose and exhibit Indeterminate Growth - NO FINAL FORM

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3
Q

general Challenges plants faced moving onto land

A

Desiccation - drying out without water
Overcoming Gravity - needs to somehow maintain structure
Deliver Sperm in different ways - cannot rely on water anymore
Protect its Gametes from drying out

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4
Q

What are the advantages for land plants?

A

Sunlight - photosyn
-CO2 - photosyn
- not many herbivores existed back then so survived longer

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5
Q

How did plants overcome land challenges

A
  • lived in MOIST environments
  • grew more tolerant to drought - like sphagnum moss
  • colonized high humid area
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6
Q

name the FOUR major Terrestrial Adaptations plants did

A
  • Alternation of Generations
  • Sporangia in Seedless Plants
  • Gametangia in Seedless Plants
  • Apical Meristems
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7
Q

alternation of generations in plants

A

has both a HAPLOID and DIPLOID stage
multicellular organism
- Hap Stage = Gametophyte, produces gametes thru mitosis
Dip Stage = Sporophyte, produces spores thru meisis

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8
Q

sporangia in seedless plants

A

when the Sporophyte produces sporgania and hold it in a sac to then disperse into environment
- land plants r Homospory cuz it has one type of spore

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9
Q

Sporopollnin

A

tough polymer thick, cell wall which is resistant to degradtion to sruvive and fertilzize

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10
Q

Gametangia in seedless plants

A

the gametes on the seedless plants
Antheridiium = male w sperm
Archegonium = fem w egg

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11
Q

apical meristems

A

shoots and roots increase in length thru lotta cell division

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12
Q

what did Vascular Tissue allow when plants adapted more

A

-taller plants evolved this
-gave structural support
- moved water,minerals and nutrients
- waterproof cuticles prevented water loss
- Stomata allowed for passing oc Co2 and O2

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13
Q

Are Bryophytes Vascular?

A

No

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14
Q

name Bryophytes and do they live in moist environments?

A

liverworts
hornworts
mosses
NEED TO LIVE IN MOIST OR WET ENVIRONS

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15
Q

are Tracheophytes Vascular?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What makes up Vascular Tissue

A

Xylem - converyer belt carrying bigger things WATER food, nutrients,
Phloem - transports smaller things sugars. proteins. solutes

17
Q

whats so special about Roots

A

has thin rhizoids that Bryophytes that attach to surface - soil
anchors plants in the soil
Mycorrhizae = symbiotic relationship w the fungi

18
Q

whats so special about Leaves

A

they photosynthesize
have sporangia for fertilization

19
Q

whats the most Dominant. stage in Seeded Vascular plants?

A

sporophyte

20
Q

name Seedless Vascular plants

A

Club mosses - evergreen
Horsetails - big branch in middle and other branches flailing out
Ferns and TRUE ferms

21
Q

Are Naked Seeded Plants Vascular?

A

yes

22
Q

what the Naked Seeded mean>?

A

the plant has no fruit tissue

23
Q

describe Gymnosperms Conferophyta and giv example

A
  • very common
  • super tall
  • needlde like leaves to decrease surface area when it snows
  • mostly evergreen all seasons
    ex cedar trees
24
Q

describe Gymnosperms Cycadophyta

A
  • mistaken for ‘ground palms’
  • have very big pine cones
  • get fertilizaed by beetles
25
Q

describe Gymnosperms Ginkgophyto

A
  • closest phyla gymnosperms to flowers
  • fan shaped leaves that turn yellow and fall in autumn
  • female ones smell bad
26
Q

describe Gymnosperms Gnetophyte

A
  • also similar to flowering plants
  • 3 types
27
Q

what r the Angiosperms?

A

flowers and fruits

28
Q

are Seeded Covered plants Vascular?

A

yes

29
Q

what are the significant things that flowers and fruits do

A

both help with tehe reproduction of themsevles
- flowers attract insects to pollinate and increase genetic diveristy
fruits are agents of dispersing their seeds everywhere

30
Q

what is the Sepal/Calyx of the Flower

A

the base of the floral stem-Peduncle

31
Q

what do Petals (Corolla) do?

A

inside the Calyx and attracts insects to get the pollen

32
Q

what structure do the Calyx and Corolla make up

A

Perianth - the sex organs of plants

33
Q

Anatomy of Fem Flower

A

Stigma, Style, Ovary inside Carpal
- Carpal keeps gametophytes
Ovule- contains egg

34
Q

anatomy of male flower

A

StaMENs surround central corpal
filament make up the stamen and supports
Anther - where the pollenin grains

35
Q

what makes a flower Perfect

A

has both fem and male reproductive partrs

36
Q

what is a Monecious flower

A

the male and fem parts are in separate parts of the flower

37
Q

what is Diocious flower

A

male and fem parts are on entirely diff flower

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