treatments for Sz

Question 1

what is a typical antipsychotic

Answer 1

-effective at treating the positive symptoms of Sz
-bind to dompamine receptors in the mesolimbic area
-they block the action of dopamine receptors

Question 2

what is an example of a typical antipsychotic

Answer 2

-chloropromaine
-initally dopamine levels build up until its production is reduced which normalises the amount of dopamine

Question 3

what is an atypical antipsychotic

Answer 3

-its acts on serotonin and glutamate receptors
-it only temporarily binds to dopamine receptors
-dopamine then rapidly dissociates to allow normal dompamine transaction
-effective at treating both positive and negative symptoms

Question 4

what is an example of an atypical antipsychotic

Answer 4

-risperidone
-has fewer side effects as it only needs a smaller dose
-better complience which means you can get better and go back to work and boost the economy

Question 5

supporting evidence for the use of atypical anti psychotics

Answer 5

meltezer- atypical antipsychotics are more effective than typical antipsychotics especially in treatment resistant cases where 30-50% of typical antipsychotics have failed

Question 6

what is some supporting evidence for the use of antipsychotic drugs

Answer 6

Leucht
carried out a meta-analysis of 65 studies
-some where given a placebo and some stayed on there antipsychotic dugs
-those who took the placebo has a 64% relapse rate
-those who took the antipsychotic drugs had a 27% relapse rate

Question 7

describe how CBT occurs

Answer 7

1. Patients describes their experiences and beliefs
2. Normalisation-doctor explains patients beliefs are normal under certain circumstances
3. Doctor challenges beliefs to correct the biases in their reasoning
4. Doctor asks patients to develop alternative explanations for their beliefs. and test the validity of their beliefs
   -this helps correct there dysfunctional though processing

Question 8

supporting evidence for the use of CBT

Answer 8

NICE-compared antipsychotics with CBT and found that CBT was more effective and reduced relapse rates and improved social functioning

Question 9

what is some more supporting evidence for the use of CBT

Answer 9

Kart A review article which concluded that CBT is an effective therapy, particularly in treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 10

what are some limitations of CBT

Answer 10

addington and addignton found that self-reflection may not be appropriate during the accute phase of there illness
economic implications-cost of training, attending the therapy

Question 11

how does family therapy occur as a way of treating Sz

Answer 11

1. you need to educate family members about the illness this way you can dispel any misinformation the may have on the illness
2. You need to teach coping strategies so they can better cope with the stress
3. You should also change the communication style to reduce levels of EE

Question 12

what is some supporting evidence for the use of family therapies

Answer 12

pharoah compared antipsychotics with family therapy
those who underwent family therapy are more likely to be more consistent with there medication
less likely to relapse
however, only in some pts did this improve symptoms of Sz

Question 13

who found some more supporting evidence for family therapies

Answer 13

lobban analysed the results of 50 family therapy studies and found that 60% of studies reported a significant positive outcome.

Question 14

what are some economic implication of family therapies

Answer 14

NICE-found that family therapies are more likely to take there medication so less likely to relapse so wont go back to hospital so reduced number of SZ pateints to look after

Question 15

how do you manage patients symptoms in Sz

Answer 15

Patients are given reward tokens when they engage in positive, adaptive behaviour.
Tokens can be exchanged for rewards.
The patient learns to repeat positive, adaptive behaviours through positive reinforcement.
they are used to manage the patients behaviour

Question 16

what is some supporting evidence for the use of tokens in Sz

Answer 16

Dickerson conducted a review of 13 studies and found that 11 reported that their was beneficial effects of the use of token economies
however, there was no control group so we cant establish cause and effect relationships

Question 17

what are some strengths of token economies

Answer 17

Token economies may be useful for patients whose symptoms are mild and who need some motivation to enable them to cope with everyday challenges such as social interaction and personal hygiene
A programme of token economy behaviour management is less potentially harmful than drug therapy so it may be more ethically valid to some extent

Question 18

what are some weaknesses of token economies

Answer 18

may not be useful outside a hospital setting as people with Sz arent consistency monitored
-positive behaviour cant be immediately rewarded so they are less likely to form an association

kazdin found that the effectiveness may be influence by the amounts of time between behaviour and being presented with the token
may be considered unethical-participants are treated as children which is humiliating and may cause distress
-participants may become over-dependant on rewards which have negative effects once they leave

Question 20

what is an example of the interctionist approach

Answer 20

diathesis stress model-combines both nature and nurture
it says we a genetic vulnerability that is triggered by an event in the environment

Question 21

what is some supporting evidence for the interactionist approach

Answer 21

cannon reviewed available evidence and found a positive correlation between birth complications and later vulnerability to developing Sz which shows genes interact with our environment and could potentially trigger the disorder

Question 22

what is some supporting evidence for the interactionist approach

Answer 22

barlow and durand found that having a genetic vulnerability through having a family history for Sz and there being a dysfunctional stressor elevated the chance of you developing Sz.

Question 23

describe some interactionist treatments

Answer 23

combing anti-psychotic medication with CBT is most effective

Question 24

what is some supporting evidence for interactionist treatments

Answer 24

Morrison and turkington reported that drug treatments and CBT produced better rates of symptom reduction and relapse then drugs or CBT alone,