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physical education > stress, arousal and anxiety > Flashcards

stress, arousal and anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

define stress
what does it produce?

A

a stimulus resulting in a positive or negative response to a specific situation. it produces physiological and psychological symptoms

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2
Q

define arousal

A

a psychological state of alertness and anticipation that prepares the body for action

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3
Q

define anxiety

A

a negative emotional state associated with stress, apprehension and nervousness

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4
Q

what aspects of performance can affect stress? (5)

A

not performing to capability
score
self-doubt
team selection
letting other down

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5
Q

what in the environment can affect stress? (5)

A

opposition
your own team
crowd
umpire/referee decisions
weather/pitch conditions

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6
Q

what aspects of organisation can affect stress? (5)

A

coach/leadership
missing team mates
lack of discipline
poor communication
poor team cohesion

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7
Q

what is positive stress called?
what can it give a feeling of?

A

eutress
fulfilment and arousal

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8
Q

what can eutress increase? (4)

A

more alert
motivated to achieve your goal
greater attention (help people gain a competitive edge)
increased skill level

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9
Q

what is negative stress called?
what feelings can it cause?

A

distress
anxiety and apprehension

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10
Q

how can distress be detrimental to performance psychologically?

A

become nervous
lose focus
doubtful

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11
Q

how can distress be detrimental to performance physiologically?

A

anxiety
increased HR
increased BR
sweating

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12
Q

what are the 2 main types of anxiety?

A

trait and state

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13
Q

what is trait anxiety?

A

the personality core
consistent worry regardless of the situation

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14
Q

what is state anxiety?
is it temporary or permanent?

A

it changes and varies depending on the situation
temporary

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15
Q

what are the 2 types of state anxiety?

A

cognitive state and somatic state

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16
Q

what is cognitive state anxiety?

A

amount of worry

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17
Q

what is somatic state anxiety?

A

physiological changes due to perception

17
Q

what are the cognitive signs of anxiety?
thoughts and feelings

A

self-doubt
fear of failure
thinks of worst case scenario
overwhelmed/overthinking
loss of confidence

17
Q

what are the somatic signs of anxiety?
how the body reacts

A

sweating
shaking
higher BR and HR
tense muscles
uncontrollable breathing (hyperventilating)
feeling sick
dry mouth

17
Q

`

A
18
Q

what are the behavioural signs of anxiety?

A

lack of effort
lack of urgency
make more errors
let others take control - avoid responsibility
‘going through the motion’
biting nails

19
Q

what are the 3 theories/hypothesises of arousal?

A

drive theory
inverted U hypothesis
catastrophe theory

20
Q

what is drive theory?

A

a linear relationship between arousal and performance - as arousal increases so does performance

21
Q

what are the positives of drive theory?

A
  • explains high performance levels by top end athletes with high levels of arousal
  • experts can cope with higher levels of arousal
  • beginners need low arousal to learn
22
Q

what are the negatives of drive theory?

A
  • fails to explain the decline in performance in many athletes with high levels of arousal
  • fails to explain how performers can produce high performance with low arousal
  • doesn’t take into account nature of task or personality or ability/potential
23
Q

what is the inverted U hypothesis?

A

states that there is an optimal level of arousal. if arousal is too low or too high performance will be lower

24
Q

what are the positives of the inverted U hypothesis?

A
  • explains that arousal increases with performance to a certain point
  • there is an optimal level in which to hi
  • if performer levels continue to raise, performance starts to decrease (at a slow rate)
  • acknowledges that under/over arousal levels are a factor
25
Q

what are the negatives of the inverted U hypothesis?

A
  • doesn’t acknowledge that low arousal can equal high performance
  • doesn’t consider how different performers/situations will have different results
26
Q

what is the catastrophe theory?

A

links arousal and anxiety. also relies on the need of arousal and cognitive anxiety to achieve optimal performance

27
Q

what are the positives of catastrophe theory?

A
  • it’s more realistic than others
  • it explains why performers can suddenly or dramatically decline
  • it’s a multidimensional theory/it takes various factors into account (cognitive anxiety+ somatic arousal)
  • it explains how some performers can recover (as they rejoin the upward curve of arousal)
28
Q

what are the negatives of catastrophe theory?

A
  • some performers never experience a sudden decline (but slowly decline as suggested by the inverted U hypothesis)
  • it does not take task or skill level or personality into account
29
Q

what is the zone of optimal functioning (ZOF)?

A

the relationship between performance and stress and anxiety levels

30
Q

what are the 4 components of being ‘in the zone’?

A

feel in control
effortless
enjoyment/satisfaction
attention/concentration

31
Q

what are the 3 factors involved with the ZOF?

A

personality
task
stage of learning

32
Q

what does personality state?

A

extroverts perform well when aroused
introverts perform best at low levels of arousal

33
Q

what does task state?

A

simple/gross performed better in high arousal levels
complex/fine perform better in low arousal levels

34
Q

what does stage of learning state?

A

autonomous stage perform better in high arousal levels
cognitive and associative stages perform better at low arousal levels

35
Q

how does arousal level affect performance?

A

if the performer views arousal levels to be positive, it will have a positive impact on performance (getting in the zone)
if the views are negative it will increase cognitive and somatic anxiety. choking will occur in high pressure situations

36
Q

what example can be used to show how arousal affects performance?

A

rugby player

37
Q

how will a tackle from a rugby player be affected if their under arousal/optimal point of arousal/over aroused?

A

under - missed/broken tackles (unsuccessful)
optimal - well timed and dominant tackles
over - illegal/dangerous tackles (carded or sent off)

physical education (10 decks)

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