NCE-HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Tabula rasa
John Locke’s POV that children are born a “blank slate” and acquire characteristics through experience
Robert Havighurst
Theory of development: identified stages of growth & developmental tasks
Behaviorism
Skinner and Watson: the environment drives human development
Edward Thorndike
when a stimulus-response connection is followed by a reward, that connection is strengthened
Classical conditioning
food-salivation vs. bell-salivation (pairing of two unrelated stimuli–> same response)
Operant conditioning
chores–> hug or a cookie
**reinforcement of a behavior with a reinforcer (+/-)
Fixed ratio
Behavioral: reinforced by a fixed NUMBER of responses
variable ratio
Behavioral: reinforced, on the AVERAGE, every nth response (ex: every 3rd)
fixed interval
Behavioral: reinforced after a fixed period of TIME
Variable interval
Behavioral: reinforced, on AVERAGE, every nth minute/hour
5 stages of development-Freud
Psychoanalytic:
Oral: birth-18 mom
Anal: 2-3 y/o
Phallic: 3-5 y/o (electra/oedipus)
Latent: 6-12 y/o
Genital: 12+
projection
PsychoanalyticProjecting my PERSONAL feelings onto someone else
reaction formation
Psychoanalytic: expressing a feeling in a completely different way than intended/true (ex: I hate someone, so I’m extra nice to them)
displacement
Psychoanalytic: displacing or projecting my feelings onto a different target than intended (ex: I hate my boss and am angry, but choose to take it out on my wife)
Introjection
Psychoanalytic: taking on the values and beliefs of others and integrating as your own