transport in plants (topic 8) Flashcards

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1
Q

function xylem

A

transporting water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots, through the stem and to the leaves
providing support for the plant and helping to keep it upright.

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2
Q

function phloem

A

transport sucrose and amino acids

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3
Q

structure of xylem and their adaptations for their function

A

thick walls with lignin for support
no cell content (hollow) and cells joined end to end with no cross walls to form a long continuous tube to transport water

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4
Q

in roots how are phloem and xylem

A

x- xylem
phloem rest

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5
Q

in stems how are phloem and xylem

A

xylem towards inside and phloem towards outside

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6
Q

in a leaf vascular bundle

A

xylem on top phloem on bottom

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7
Q

root hair cells

A

Type of cell in plant roots that has a large surface area for the absorption of water and mineral ions from the soil, increases surface area of root

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8
Q

pathway of water in plants

A

soil- root hair cells- root hair cell cortex- xylem- stem- mesophyll cells- air spaces- stomata (as vapour)

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9
Q

how can you investiagte the pathway of water in plants

A

cut celery stalk, place in water with food coloring, you should see the stain of the water movement in the stalk

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10
Q

transpiration

A

the loss of water vapour from leaves

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11
Q

how does water leave the leaf

A

evaporation at surface of spongy mesophyl cells to form water vapour evaporates to air spaces, and then diffuses out of the leaves through the stomata as water vapour

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12
Q

what increases rate of transpiration and why

A

increasing temp, water molecules gain energy the rate of evaporation of water from the mesophyll cells increases the diffusion of water through the stomata increases the rate of transpiration increases.
wind speed increasing- wind removes water vapour from just outside the stomata so the diffusion gradient is maintained and water continues to diffuse out.

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13
Q

what decreases rate of transpiration

A

humidity increasing- leaf is surrounded by moist air, the concentration gradient decreases resulting in less transpiration at a higher humidity.

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14
Q

explain relationship between surface area, number of stomata, and transpiration

A

the bigger the surface area of a leaf, more stomata it contains, which results in a faster rate of transpiration

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15
Q

explain transpiration pull

A

this is a suction force, draws water in xylem upwards from roots to leaves, that draws up a column of water molecules, held together by forces of attraction between
water molecules
cohesion- water molecules stick to each other
adhesion- force sticking water to xylem walls

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16
Q

explain why and how wilting occurs

A

stems and leaves of young plants rely on turgicity o their plants to remain rigid, cell lose water, become flaccid losing rigidness and wilting
turgic cells are full of water, enough pressure against cell wall to keep plant upright
wilting happens when rate of transpiration is greater than absoprtion, plant cells lose water reducing tugor pressure, cells become flaccid and plant wilts

17
Q

translocation

A

the movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from sources to sinks

18
Q

sources

A

the parts of plants that release sucrose or amino acids

19
Q

sinks

A

region of storage or use in respiration or growth