Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PE- Mr Mcdarby > 1.2a - The CV system > Flashcards

1.2a - The CV system Flashcards

1
Q

Define Heart rate

A
  • number of ventricle contractions per minute
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define stroke volume

A
  • volume of blood ejected from the heart in one ventricular contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define cardiac output

A
  • volume of blood ejected from the ventricles in one minute
  • Q= SV x HR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the typical resting values for heart rate (trained and untrained)

A
  • 70 bpm (untrained)
  • 50 bpm (trained)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the typical resting values for stroke volume (trained and untrained)

A
  • 70ml (untrained)
  • 100ml (trained)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the typical resting values for cardiac output (trained and untrained)

A
  • 5000ml for both
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sub maximal values for HR, SV and Q

A

HR - 100/130bpm

SV - 100ml (untrained), 160/200ml (trained)

Q - 10 L/min, 36 L/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maximal values for HR, SV and Q

A

HR: 220 - age

SV: 100ml (untrained), 160/200ml (trained)

Q - 20-40 L/MIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain hormonal regulation of the heart during exercise

A

1- controlled by the ANS
(Anticipatory rise)
2- sympathetic nervous system is stimulated
3- Adrenalin secreted from adrenal glands
4- stimulates and increase in the rate of firing of the SA node
(increase heart rate)
5- Increases force of contraction
(increases stroke volume)
6- Increased cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain changes to stroke volume during sub maximal exercise

A
  • stroke volume plateaus at 200ml and sometimes drops
  • increase in venous return = increase in SV
  • (at higher heart rate) there is a reduced filling time
  • (at higher heart rate) smaller end diastolic volume
  • heart is only partially filled with blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how the conduction system of the heart controls the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle

A
  • SA node initiates and sends an impulse
  • causes atrial systole (contraction of atria)
  • blood forced from atria to the ventricles through the AV valves (tricuspid valves)
  • Impulse travels to the AV node
  • the impulse then continues down the bundle of his to the purkinje fibres
  • causing ventricular systole
  • blood is ejected from the ventricles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define systole and diastole

A

systole- contraction
diastole - relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What term is used to describe the redistribution of blood during physical activity (1)

A
  • Vascular shunt mechanism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain how the redistribution of blood during physical activity is achieved (4)

A
  • more blood to the working muscles, less blood to the non-essential organs
  • Chemoreceptors/ proprioceptors and baroreceptors pass info to the vasomotor centre
  • vasomotor centre directs messages as to where the blood is needed
  • vasodilation of arterioles to working muscles (expansion)
  • opening of pre-capillary sphincters to working muscles

vasoconstriction of arterioles leading to some organs
closing of pre capillary sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe intrinsic control of the heart during exercise (4)

A
  • increase in venous return = increase in stroke volume
  • more blood entering right atrium
  • right atrium stretches
  • excites the SA node to increase rate of firing
  • Increasing end diastolic volume
  • more blood enters the left ventricle which will cause it to stretch and recoil with more force
  • increases stroke volume
  • temperature increases which increases heart rate
    ^increases the speed of nerve impulses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain why more oxygen dissociates from the blood into the muscle cell during exercise (5)

A
  • Oxygen moves from a high partial pressure to a low partial pressure
  • (During exercise) the muscles use more oxygen
  • Increased oxygen dissociation from haemoglobin
  • Low partial pressure of O2 in the muscle cell
  • high partial pressure of O2 in the blood
  • greater pressure gradient between blood and muscle cell
  • increase Co2 in the body
  • increase in body temp
  • increase in blood acidity
17
Q

Three mechanisms of venous return (3)

A
  • pocket valves
  • Respiratory/ muscle pump
  • smooth muscle
18
Q

Explain how an increase in venous return during exercise affects the quality of an athletes performance

A
  • an increased venous return= increased stroke volume
  • more blood entering the right atrium
  • excites SA node to increase rate of firing
  • increased end diastolic volume
  • ventricle walls stretch (recoil affect)
  • increase in cardiac output
  • increased blood to working muscles
  • increased endurance and delays fatigue
19
Q

Describe Neural factors which regulate the cardiac system and respiratory system during exercise

A
  1. Controlled by ANS (SNS part of it)
  2. Receptors detect change
  3. send it to the ccc in the medulla
  4. sends an impulse to the SA node to increase rate of firing
  5. heart rate increases and therefore cardiac output increases
  6. Receptors also send info to the RCC
  7. sends an impulse to increase the force of contraction of external intercostals and recruit additional muscles during inspiration
    ^compare to rest
  8. expiration (recruitment of additional muscles)
  9. compare to rest
  10. overall affect (minute ventillation)
  11. effect on endurance performer
20
Q

State the steps of the cardiac cycle

A
  • Atrial diastole (atrium relaxes and fills with blood)
  • SA node (sends cardiac impulse to walls of atria which forces it to contract)
  • Atrial systole (atrium contracts meaning that blood leaves
  • AV node (AV node sends cardiac impulse to the valves to delay filling so the ventricle can experience diastole
  • Bundle of his and purkinje fibres (receives impulse and causes the ventricles to contract)
  • Ventricular systole (ventricle contracts and blood leaves the heart)
21
Q

What is the function of the chemo recpetors

A
  • detect chemical changes
  • increase of CO2 during
22
Q

What is the function of the baro receptors

A
  • Detect blood pressure changes
23
Q

What is the function of the proprioceptors

A

Detect muscle movements

PE- Mr Mcdarby (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions