Personality Flashcards
usually regarded as categories that are distinct & discontinuous (introvert v. extrovert, male v. female)
Jung argued ppl are either one or the other
types
assume that ppl differ along continuous variables or dimensions
traits
traits exists in the same way in every person
nomothetic view of persoanlity
each person is unique, traits are individualized
idiographic view of personality
The 5 Factor Model (“big 5”)
extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism/emotionality, & openness (to experience)
16 Personality Factory inventory
Catell believed that personality could be captured in a set of 16 dimensions (reserved v. warm, concrete v. abstract, reactive v. emotionally stable, serious v. lively)
Personality Questionarie (EPQ)
2 supertraits-introversion-extroversion and emotionality-stabilty
Situationsm
the idea that situational variables determine behavior, not personality
interactionsim
the idea that traits & situations interact to influence behavior
primary needs
food, water, air, sex, & pain avoidance
needs
an internal state that is less then satisfacry, a lack of something that is necessary for well-being
secondary needs
need for power, need for achievement
motives
take the underlying need & move it a step closer to behavior, motives are eventually reflected in actions
press
an external condition that creates a desire to obtain or avoid something
manifest needs
can be seen in overt action
latent needs
those that are not being displayed
appercpetion
process of projecting imagery onto an outside stimulus
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
way of measuring motives, view a set of pictures asked to create a story
personology
the study of individual lives & the factors that influence their course
behavioral genetics
mix of psychology & genetics, the study of genetic influences on behavior
twin studies
many studies were conducted using monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins
heritablity (estimate)
the index of genetic influence on personality
temperaments
activity lvl, sociability, & emotionality
sociobiology
the study of biological basis of social behavior
genetic similarity theory
the idea that people work toward reproduction of genes similar to their own
reciprocal altruism
helping others w/ the expectation that help will be returned
ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
activates & deactivates cerebral cortex, Eysnck argued that the diff. b/w introverts & extroverts were caused by the ARAS
behavioral approach system
people move towards what they want
neurotransmitter
chemical involved in sending messages along nerve pathways
dopamine
a neurotransmitter involved in sending messages along nerve pathways
behavioral inhibition systems (BIS)
an avoidance system, causes people to inhibit movement, responsive to cues of punishment or danger
testosterone
many studies on lvls of ___ & how it is involved in regulating important qualities of human behavior
id
unconscious “pleasure princicple”
ego
“reality principle”, takes risks into consideration
superego
tries to inhibit id impulses that would be frowned upon