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COMPS > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

usually regarded as categories that are distinct & discontinuous (introvert v. extrovert, male v. female)

Jung argued ppl are either one or the other

A

types

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2
Q

assume that ppl differ along continuous variables or dimensions

A

traits

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3
Q

traits exists in the same way in every person

A

nomothetic view of persoanlity

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4
Q

each person is unique, traits are individualized

A

idiographic view of personality

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5
Q

The 5 Factor Model (“big 5”)

A

extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism/emotionality, & openness (to experience)

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6
Q

16 Personality Factory inventory

A

Catell believed that personality could be captured in a set of 16 dimensions (reserved v. warm, concrete v. abstract, reactive v. emotionally stable, serious v. lively)

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7
Q

Personality Questionarie (EPQ)

A

2 supertraits-introversion-extroversion and emotionality-stabilty

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8
Q

Situationsm

A

the idea that situational variables determine behavior, not personality

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9
Q

interactionsim

A

the idea that traits & situations interact to influence behavior

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9
Q

primary needs

A

food, water, air, sex, & pain avoidance

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9
Q

needs

A

an internal state that is less then satisfacry, a lack of something that is necessary for well-being

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9
Q

secondary needs

A

need for power, need for achievement

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10
Q

motives

A

take the underlying need & move it a step closer to behavior, motives are eventually reflected in actions

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10
Q

press

A

an external condition that creates a desire to obtain or avoid something

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11
Q

manifest needs

A

can be seen in overt action

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11
Q

latent needs

A

those that are not being displayed

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11
Q

appercpetion

A

process of projecting imagery onto an outside stimulus

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12
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

way of measuring motives, view a set of pictures asked to create a story

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13
Q

personology

A

the study of individual lives & the factors that influence their course

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14
Q

behavioral genetics

A

mix of psychology & genetics, the study of genetic influences on behavior

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15
Q

twin studies

A

many studies were conducted using monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins

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16
Q

heritablity (estimate)

A

the index of genetic influence on personality

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17
Q

temperaments

A

activity lvl, sociability, & emotionality

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18
Q

sociobiology

A

the study of biological basis of social behavior

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19
Q

genetic similarity theory

A

the idea that people work toward reproduction of genes similar to their own

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20
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

helping others w/ the expectation that help will be returned

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21
Q

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

A

activates & deactivates cerebral cortex, Eysnck argued that the diff. b/w introverts & extroverts were caused by the ARAS

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22
Q

behavioral approach system

A

people move towards what they want

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23
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical involved in sending messages along nerve pathways

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24
Q

dopamine

A

a neurotransmitter involved in sending messages along nerve pathways

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25
Q

behavioral inhibition systems (BIS)

A

an avoidance system, causes people to inhibit movement, responsive to cues of punishment or danger

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26
Q

testosterone

A

many studies on lvls of ___ & how it is involved in regulating important qualities of human behavior

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27
Q

id

A

unconscious “pleasure princicple”

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28
Q

ego

A

“reality principle”, takes risks into consideration

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29
Q

superego

A

tries to inhibit id impulses that would be frowned upon

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30
Q

conscious

A

what we are aware of

31
Q

preconscious

A

ordinary memory (last movie you saw, phone #, etc)

32
Q

unconscious

A

not accessible to awareness

33
Q

Oedipus complex

A

phallic stage, boys desire to possess their mother & replace father

34
Q

Electra complex

A

phallic stage, girls desire to possess their father & replace mother

35
Q

anxiety

A

aversive inner state that people seek to avoid or escape

36
Q

resistance

A

actively fighting against becoming aware of repressed conflict & impulses

37
Q

transference

A

a set of displacements

38
Q

insight

A

is the goal of psychotherapy, experiencing previously unconsciousness

39
Q

repression

A

person tries to force something out of consciousness

40
Q

denial

A

refusal to believe an event took place

41
Q

projection

A

ascribing your own unacceptable impulses, desires, or qualities on someone else

42
Q

rationalization

A

finding a rational explanation or excuse for behavior

43
Q

intellectualization

A

thinking about threats in cold, analytic, & detached terms

44
Q

reaction formation

A

doing the opposite of an impulse

45
Q

regression

A

using coping strategies from past states of development

46
Q

displacment

A

shifting an impulse from one target to another (seen as more adaptive)

47
Q

sublimation

A

transforming the impulse to a more acceptable one (seen as more adaptive)

48
Q

object relations theories

A

theories that focus on people’s relations w/ others

49
Q

basic anxiety

A

feeling of abandonment, of being isolated/helpless in a hostile world

(minimized by being raised in a home w/ trust, love, security, warmth, etc.)

50
Q

vicious cycle

A

patterns that occur b/c of basic anxiety

51
Q

ego identity

A

consciously experienced sense of self

52
Q

classical conditioning

A

responses can be acquired by associating one stimulus w/ another (Pavlov)

53
Q

unconditional stimulus (US)

A

stimulus causing the automatic response

54
Q

unconditional response (UR)

A

the response the US causes

55
Q

conditioned stimulus (CS)

A

this is the stimulus that is becoming conditioned

56
Q

conditioned response (CR)

A

CS can produce response on its own

57
Q

(+) reinforcement

A

adding something good to increase behavior

58
Q

(-) reinforcement

A

removing something bad to increase behavior

59
Q

social reinforcers

A

acceptance, smiles, hugs, praise, approval, etc.

60
Q

locus of control

A

the way people see reinforcers as controlled from w/in (internal LOC) or from something outside themselves (external LOC)

61
Q

self-efficacy

A

the perceived ability to carry out a desired action

62
Q

learned helplessness

A

conviction that success won’t come, low motivation & reduced effort

63
Q

humanistic psychology

A

everyone has potential for growth & development

64
Q

actualization

A

tendency to develop capabilities in ways that maintain or enhance

65
Q

self-acutualization

A

moves you toward greater autonomy & sufficiency, expands & enriches life

66
Q

congruence

A

wholeness or integration w/in a person

67
Q

fully fxning person

A

someone who is self-actualizing

68
Q

(+) regard

A

accpetance of a significant other

69
Q

unconditional (+) regard

A

affection given w/out special conditions

70
Q

conditional (+) regard

A

i’ll accept you, but only if you act in a particular way

71
Q

self-determination

A

3 needs: autonomy, competence, & relatedness

72
Q

ideal self

A

image of the kind of person you want to be

73
Q

actual self

A

what you think you’re really like as a person

74
Q

existential psychology

A

existence is all anyone has, each person is alone in an unfathomable universe, each person must take responsibility for own choices, life has no meaning unless you create it

75
Q

personal construct

A

people’s behavior, thoughts, & feelings are determined by the constructs they use to anticipate or predict events

76
Q

constructs

A

consist of a pair of opposite characteristics (friendly v. unfriendly, stable v. changeable)

77
Q

schemas

A

mental organization of info, categories

78
Q

prototype

A

a categories best member

79
Q

semantic memory

A

organized by meaning

80
Q

episodic memory

A

memory for events

81
Q

script

A

enough episodes of a given type form a script

82
Q

personality disorder

A

identified by a pervasive pattern of experience & behavior that is abnormal w/ respect to any 2 o the following: thinking, mood, personal relations, & the control of impulses

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