achalasia Flashcards

1
Q

define achalasia

A

oesophageal Peristalsis and failure of LOS to relax , impairs Oesophageal emptying

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2
Q

what is the pathophysiology of achalaisa ?

A

-Idiopathic
-Very rare - especially in children
1. ↓ in ganglionic cells in nerve plexus of oesophageal wall
2. Degeneration in the vagus nerve
3. Failure of smooth muscle relaxation

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3
Q

what are the symptoms of achalasia?

A

-Non progressive dysphagia
- Chesty substernal pain
· Food regurgitation
· Aspiration Pneumonia

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4
Q

what are the complications associated with achalasia

A

May increase risk of oesophageal squamous cell lung cancer

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5
Q

how is achalasia diagnosed?

A
  1. Barium Swallow
    ↳ bird beak
  2. oesophageal manometry
    -> measure pressure across LOS
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6
Q

how is achalasia treated?

A
  • no cure
  • surgery ( balloon)
  • drugs - nitrate, nifedipine
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