haemorrhoids ( piles)

Question 1

define haemorrhoids

Answer 1

Enlarged Vascular mucosal cushions in the anal canal

Question 2

what are types of haemorrhoids?

Answer 2

1 Internal : originate above internal rectal plexus (dentate line)
↳ less painful as has ↓ sensory supply - may feel ‘incomplete emptying
2 External : originate below dentate line ↳> so painful patients can’t sit down

Question 3

what are the symptoms of haemorrhoids?

Answer 3

· Bright red fresh rectal bleeding of mucus
· Bloody Stool
· Bulging pain
- pruritis ( itchy skin)

Question 4

what are the causes of haemorrhoids?

Answer 4

• Constipation
• increased straining
  · Anal sex
• increased abdominal pressure

Question 5

how is haemorrhoids treated?

Answer 5

Stool softener
Rubber band ligation
Increase fluid and fibre

Question 6

how are haemorrhoids diagnosed?

Answer 6

· For internal-
proctoscopy
· For external - PR exam
(digital)

Question 7

What is the pathophysiology behind haemorrhoids?

Answer 7

1 Vascular mucosal cushions maintain anal continence
2 When they enlarge the vessels are brought closer to abrasion and can bleed into anus