CNS+PNS (w5)

Question 1

• THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:

Answer 1

Receive, process, and integrate sensory information, and synthesise an appropriate response, sent out as motor signals to the body.

Question 2

TWO PARTS OF CNS

Answer 2

o The spinal cord: Send motor commands from brain to body, send sensory info from the body to the brain, coordinate reflexes.

o The brain: Controls thought, memory, touch, motor skills, breathing, temperature and every other bodily process.

Question 3

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:

Answer 3

Rest and digest
Relaxed HR and RR
Regulate digestion
Sending motor info from brain to effector body part, carrying sensory info from body to the brain/spinal cord, regulation of autonomic functions.

Question 4

LISTEN PARASYMPATHETIC VS SYMPATHETIC

Answer 4

Question 5

AUTONOMIC NS

Answer 5

Involuntary response, visceral muscles.
• Sympathetic nervous
system: Activates bodily response, FFF.
• Parasympathetic nervous system: Relaxes body after FFF.

Question 6

SOMATIC NS

Answer 6

Voluntary response, skeletal muscles.

Question 7

Components of the brain

Answer 7

Nerves
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Lambic system
Cerebrum
CerebeLLum
Brainstem

Question 8

Describe brain stem

Answer 8

Vital functions of life, breathing, consciousness, BP, HR and sleep.

Question 9

Describe cerebeLLum

Answer 9

coordinate muscle movements

Question 10

Describe cerebrum

Answer 10

cerebral cortex - conscious mind, aware of our sensations, communicate, remember and understand, voluntary movements

Question 11

Hypothalamus

Answer 11

Receives signals from other areas of brain. Control of autonomic ns, behaviours, hunger thirst and sleep, regulates body temp, blood pressure, emotions and secretion of emotions

Question 12

Describe thalamus

Answer 12

sensory info in skin/pain, processed in the thalamus

Question 13

What is the cerebral cortex

Answer 13

• Highest level of functioning
• Wrinkled – grooves (sulcus and gyrus), add surface area.

Question 14

What are the 4 lobes of brain

Answer 14

Frontal lobe
Parietal all lobe
Termporal lobe
Occipital lobe

Question 15

Describe frontal lobe

Answer 15

Higher emotions, behaviours, and personality. Decision making
Intelligence, self-awareness.
Judgements and concentration.
Body movement Gestures and expressions Language.

Question 16

Describe the parietal lobe

Answer 16

Language interpretation
Touch sensation
Controls body and limb position
Spatial memory, orientation, direction etc.

Question 17

Describe the temporal lobe

Answer 17

Centre for memory and learning Understanding language
Comprehending sound and images Processing, storing, and retrieving memory. Sequencing and organising.

Question 18

Describe occipital lobe

Answer 18

Vision (process and interpret)
Visual memory formation
Visual perception and spatial information.

Question 19

What is the grey and white matter of the Brain

Answer 19

White= deep

Grey=superficial

Question 20

What is the grey and white matter of the spinal cord

Answer 20

White=superficial
Grey=deep tissue

Question 21

Label of spinal cord structure

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the dorsal column and ventral horn

Answer 22

DC- sensory info ascends the dorsal column

VH- cell bodies that supply the skeletal muscles

Question 23

What is the descending pathway

Answer 23

Motor info (CNS) to peripheries.
1. Begins in the PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
2. Passes through the BRAINSTEM
3. DECUSSATES in MEDULLA, descending the spinal cord.
4. Upper motor neuron synapse with lower motor neuron in ventral horn,

Question 24

What is the ascending pathway

Answer 24

Sensory info to the Cerebral cortex - Via dorsal column pathway.

Question 25

What are the nerves is parasympathetic NS

Answer 25

o Craniosacral region
o Long preganglionic nerve.
o Short postganglionic nerve.

Question 26

Sympathetic NS nerves

Answer 26

o Thoracic and lumber region
o Long postganglionic nerve o Short preganglionic nerve.

Question 27

What is a Reflex arc

Answer 27

REFLEX ARC: Neural pathways that controls reflex.

• Response that does not involve processing via the brain.

Question 28

What is process of the reflex arc

Answer 28

PROCESS:
1) RECEPTOR–siteofstimulusaction

2) SENSORYNEURON–afferentimpulsestotheCNS.

3) INTEGRATIONCENTRE–mono/polysynapticregionoftheCNS.

4) MOTORNEURON–conductsefferentimpulsestoeffector.

5) EFFECTOR–muscle/fibrerespondsbycontracting/secreting.

• Quick, innate, protective response.

Question 29

Cerebral cortex 3 main areas

Answer 29

SENSORY AREAS:
• Receives info from the thalamus.
ASSOCIATION AREAS:
• Give meaning to the sensations.
MOTOR AREAS:
• Regulate voluntary movements.