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PT Exam > Ankle and Foot ROM/MMT` > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot ROM/MMT` Flashcards

1
Q

what occurs at the tibiofibular joint during dorsi/plantar

A

dorsi - fibula moves proximally / slightly poseriorly to tibia

plantar - fibula moves distally and slightly anteriorly to tibia

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2
Q

what is the talocrual joint

A

articulation between distal tib-fib and talus

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3
Q

talocrual degrees of freedom

A

1 - dorsi and plantarflexion in sagittal

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4
Q

what axis do inversion/eversion occur around

A

oblique

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5
Q

what motions make up inversion

A

adduction, plantar flexion and supination

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6
Q

what motions make up eversion

A

abduction, dorsiflexion, pronation

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7
Q

what joint allows for inversion/eversion

A

subtalar (talocaneal)

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8
Q

what is the subtalar joint composed of

A

three articulations between calcaneus and talus

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9
Q

what makes up the midtarsal joint?

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints

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10
Q

what is the transitional link between the forefoot and hindfoot?

A

transverse tarsal joint / midtarsal jt

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11
Q

motions at TMT joints

A

flexion/extension minimal ab/add or rotation

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12
Q

DoF at the MTP

A

2
flexion/extension
ab/add

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13
Q

DoF at the IP jt

A

1
flexion/extension

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14
Q

ROM for dorsiflexion / end feel

A

20
firm

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15
Q

goniometer alignment for ankle ROM (dorsi/plantar)

A

axis - lateral malleolus
SA - midline of fibula aimed at head of fibula
MA - parallel to lateral aspect of 5th metatarsal

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16
Q

what is the mean ROM for ankle plantarflexion? end feel?

A

50
firm

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17
Q

what plane are inversion/eversion measured in for ROM

A

frontal plane
ant-posterior axis

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18
Q

goniometer placement for inversion/eversion

A

axis - anterior ankle between malleoli
SA - midline of lower leg aimed at tibial tuberosity
MA - along midline of 2nd metatarsal

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19
Q

average ROM for inversion and eversion in the rearfoot? end feel?

A

5 each way
firm

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20
Q

how is rearfoot inversion/eversion measured w goniometer?

A

axis - posterior aspect of ankle between malleoli
SA - posterior midline of leg
MA - posterior midline of calcaneus

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21
Q

what would rearfoot inversion/eversion testing be for?

A

to see what the resting position of one’s ankle is
ensure subtraction of resting from end angle when testing

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22
Q

mean ROM for inv/eversion at forefoot? end feel?

A

inversion - 35
eversion - 15

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23
Q

normal ROM for 1st TMT flexion / extension

A

flex - 45
extension - 70

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24
Q

normal ROM for 2-5 TMT flex vs 2-5 TMT ext

A

flex- 40
extension - 40

25
Q

goniometer placement for TMT flex/exten

A

axis - dorsal surface of MTP joint
SA - midline of metatarsal
MA - midline of proximal phalanx

26
Q

goniometer placement for MTP abd/add

A

axis - dorsal aspect of MTP joint
SA - dorsal midline of metatarsal
MA - dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

27
Q

mean 1st IP flexion/extension ROM

A

flex - 90
ext - 0

28
Q

mean 2nd-5th PIP flex/ext ROM

A

flex - 35
ext - 0

29
Q

mean 2nd-5th DIP flex/ext ROM

A

flex - 60
ext - 0

30
Q

goniometer placement for IP flex/ext

A

axis - dorsal aspect of joint
SA - midline of phalanx proximal to jt
MA - midline of distal phalanx of JT

31
Q

what muscles contribute to plantarflexion

A

gastrocnemius
soleus

32
Q

how many raises = what strength grade for gastroc/soleus

A

2+ = clear the heel but not a full rep
3 = 1 to 9 full reps
4 = 10 to 24 full reps
5 = >25 reps

33
Q

what could examples of fatigue be in the gastroc/soleus gravity resisted test

A

lack of full ROM
non-smooth reps
ratcheting on the way down
compensation of momentum
leaning on / putting too much weight into support

34
Q

what is the gravity eliminated position for gastroc? soleus?

A

G =
side-lying on testing limb
hip/knee extended

S =
knee flexed instead of extended

35
Q

how may someone substitute in the plantarflexion wb test

A

FHL or FDL - toe flexion / lack of calcaneus movement

fib long/brevis - eversion

tib posterior - invert

36
Q

if knee is flexed, ______% of activity decreases in the ________

A

70% of activity in gastrocnemius

37
Q

if a patient has a NWB restriction, how is plantarflexion tested?

A

prone with knee extended
foot off end of table
resistance applied to superoposterior aspect of calcaneus in direction of dorsiflexion

differentiation = knee flexed for soleus

38
Q

what muscle does dorsiflexion/subtalar inversion

A

tibialis anterior

39
Q

gravity resisted position for dorsiflexion/subtalar inversion?

A

seated w knees flexed off edge of table
asked to pull foot up and in
resistance applied over the dorsal surface of medial foot in direction of plantar flexion and eversion

40
Q

gravity eliminated testing of dorsiflexion/subtalar inversion

A

supine with hips/knees extended ankle in neutral with foot off of table
told to pull foot up and in

41
Q

what muscle produces subtalar inversion

A

tibialis posterior

42
Q

gravity resisted position for tibialis posterior

A

sidelying on side of tested limb with foot hanging off of the table
asked to turn bottom of foot toward ceiling
resistance applied to medial aspect of foot in direction of eversion

43
Q

gravity eliminated testing position of tibialis posterior

A

supine with foot of testing limb extended off edge of table
patient asked to invert

44
Q

what muscles may be substituted when testing tibialis posterior

A

long toe flexors

45
Q

what muscles allow for subtalar eversion?

A

fib long/brevis

46
Q

gravity resisted fibularis longus / brevis test

A

sidelying with uppermost limb being the tested limb
ankle in neutral with foot off of the table
asked to turn bottom of foot toward the ceiling
resistance applied over lateral border of foot and plantar surface toward inversion

47
Q

how are fibularis longus / brevis resistance points different

A

brevis - at 5th metatarsal
longus - at 1st metatarsal

48
Q

gravity eliminated test for fibularis longus/brevis

A

supine with limb being tested off of the table
asked to evert

49
Q

what muscles contribute to MTP flexion

A

lumbricals
flexor hallucis brevis

50
Q

gravity resisted test for lumbricals and flexor hallucis brevis

A

seated or supine with ankle in neutral and feet off edge of table
patient asked to bend toes at first knuckle
resistance over proximal phalanx of
1st toe = flexor hallucis brevis
2-5 toe = lumbricals

51
Q

gravity eliminated positioning for lumbricals and flexor hallucis brevis

A

no test for below 3
2 = flex through partial range

52
Q

muscles that contribute to IP flexion

A

big toe = flexor hallucis longus
every other = FDL / FDB

53
Q

gravity resisted test for flexor hallucis longus, FDL or FDB

A

supine or sitting with feet extended off of table
patient is asked to curl toes down
resistance applied against toward extension
FDL/B = middle / distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
FHL = distal phalanx of big toe

54
Q

gravity eliminated test for FDL/B or FHL

A

no gravity eliminated test

55
Q

what muscles perform MTP extension

A

Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Digitorum Brevis

56
Q

gravity resisted test for EDL/B

A

seated or supine with feet extended off of table
patient asked to extend their toes
resistance applied over dorsum of proximal phalanx toward flexion

57
Q

muscle that performs IP extension

A

extensor hallucis longus

58
Q

gravity resisted positioning for extensor hallucis longus

A

seated or supine with feet extended off of table
patient asked to extend their toes
resistance applied over dorsum of distal phalanx toward flexion

PT Exam (12 decks)

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