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PT Exam > Spinal Assessment ROM > Flashcards

Spinal Assessment ROM Flashcards

1
Q

what are more reliable measurements in the neck? why?

A

full cycle versus half-cycle
neutral position for cervical spine is not well defined

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2
Q

what are full-cycle vs half-cycle measurements

A

full = one end range to another
half = from neutral to end range

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3
Q

what is the best position for cervical ROM testing

A

sitting is greater than standing

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4
Q

what is the proportion of distance

A

difference of at-rest and end-range values
÷
at-rest value

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5
Q

why is the proportion of distance important

A

when doing tape measure measurements, POD negates effects of different body sizes and measurements when comparing multiple patients

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6
Q

mean ROM value of cervical flexion/extension

A

flex - 40
ext - 50

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7
Q

testing position/motion for cervical flexion/extension

A

seated with spine supported and stabilized
cervical spine positioned in neutral rotation and lateral flexion
flex cervical spine forward while maintaining a tucked chin and guiding the head anteriorly

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8
Q

end feel for flexion/extension

A

firm

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9
Q

goniometer placement cervical flexion/extension

A

axis - over external auditory meatus
SA - perpendicular to the ground
MA - along the base of the nares

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10
Q

what can be used to better align the goniometer?

A

tongue depressor between teeth
moving arm parallel to depressor

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11
Q

mean cervical spine lateral flexion ROM

A

22° to each side

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12
Q

testing position for CS lateral flexion

A

patient seated with spine supported and stabilized with neutral cervical flex/ext and rotation
say were going to the right
lateral flex by grasping left side and pulling to the side

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13
Q

normal end feel of cervical lateral flexion

A

Firm

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14
Q

goniometer placement for cervical spine lateral flexion

A

axis - C7 spinous process
SA - perpendicular to the ground
MA - along dorsal midline of head with occipital protuberance being point of reference

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15
Q

how would a tongue depressor be used during lateral flexion ROM

A

between teeth
axis centered near one end of tongue depressors
stationary arm is perpendicular to the floor
moving arm is aligned with tongue depressor

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16
Q

cervical spine rotation average ROM

A

50-80°

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17
Q

CS rotation testing position/movement

A

seated with spine supported, cervical spine should be in neutral
pull chin and head toward the shoulder

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18
Q

cervical spine rotation goniometer position

A

axis - over center of cranium
SA - perpendicular to an imaginary line between acromion processes
MA - aimed at tip of nose

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19
Q

tape measure method for cervical spine flex/extend

A

distance between tip of chin and lower edge of sternal notch

mouth closed

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20
Q

tape measure method for cervical spine lateral flexion

A

measure distance between mastoid process and lateral tip of the acromion process

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21
Q

tape measure method for cervical spine rotation

A

measure distance between the tip of the chin and acromion process

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22
Q

cervical flexion/extension inclinometer placement

A

one inclinometer over C7 spinous process and adjusted to 0°

one inclinometer is on posterior aspect of head and adjusted to 0°

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23
Q

what is important to keep in mind when doing cervical measurements of inclinometry

A

might need to move the C7 inclinometer to the side to not impede extension

if there is a deviation from 0 at C7, subtract that from the one on dorsal aspect of head.

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24
Q

cervical spine lateral flexion inclinometer placement

A

one inclinometer placed over C7 spinous process

one inclinometer placed on top of subject’s head and adjusted to 0°

25
Q

cervical spine rotation inclinometer placement

A

patient in supine position
one inclinometer on center of subject’s forehead and adjusted to 0°
asked to roll head into rotation

26
Q

generally which portion of the spine is the most flexible?
why?

A

cervical > thoracic > lumbar
structural differences, specifically spinous processes found in thoracic spine
tighter joint capsule of thoracic spine/rib cage

27
Q

the lumbar spine is oriented in a way to allow for ____&_____, rather than _____&_______

A

flexion and extension
lateral flexion and rotation

28
Q

how is the lumbar spine oriented?

A

primarily in sagittal plane

29
Q

_____ is more limited than _____ in the lumbar spine

A

flexion
extension

30
Q

where does the greatest mobility of flexion and extension occur between

A

L4-L5

31
Q

where does the greatest amount of flexion occur

A

L5-S1

32
Q

what portion of the lumbar spine allows for more lateral flexion / rotation

A

upper lumbar

33
Q

in general, what plane/axis does flexion and extension occur in (for all spinal sections)

A

sagittal
medial-lateral

34
Q

in general, what plane/axis does lateral flexion occur in (for all spinal sections)

A

frontal
anterior-posterior axis

35
Q

what is the mean lateral flexion range for thoracic/lumbar spine

A

35°

36
Q

testing position/motion of lateral flexion in lumbar/thoracic spine

A

standing with spine in neutral
asked to bend trunk to one side
both feet flat with knees extended
do not allow for any flexion/ext/rotation of spine

37
Q

end feel for thoracic/lumbar lateral flexion

A

firm

38
Q

goniometer placement for thoracic/lumbar spine lateral flexion

A

axis - posterior aspect of S1
SA - perpendicular to ground
MA - aligned with posterior aspect of C7 spinous process

39
Q

in general, what axis/plane does rotation occur on (for all segments of the spine)

A

transverse
vertical axis

40
Q

what is the mean ROM for thoracic/lumbar spine rotation

A

45°

41
Q

testing position for thoracic/lumbar rotation

A

patient is sitting
spine in neutral
asked to twist their body to one side keeping trunk erect and feel flat on the supporting surface

42
Q

end feel for thoracic/lumbar spine rotation

A

firm

43
Q

goniometer placement for T/L spine rotation

A

axis - center of cranial aspect of subjects head
SA - perpendicular to an imaginary line between two tubercles on the iliac crests
MA - perpendicular to an imaginary line between the two acromion processes

44
Q

tape measure method for T/L Spine flexion ROM

A

Spinous process of C7 and S1 are marked

distance between the two are measured in starting position (neutral spine, erect posture)

patient is asked to flex forward and distance between points is measured

difference between two is the final measurement

45
Q

average T/L spine flexion using tape measure method

A

4 inches

46
Q

tape measure method for Lumbar Flexion ROM

A

Modified-Modified Schober Test

mark made over spine midway between two PSIS with a second mark made 15cm above

patient asked to bend forward while keeping feet flat and knees extended.

distance between 15cm and second measurement is range of motion for lumbar flexion.

47
Q

how does the original Schober test differ from the modified?

A

OG - made at lumbrosacral junction and second mark is made 10 cm above first mark

48
Q

T/L spine extension ROM tape measure method

A

same as flexion, but just extend
go until pelvis tilts posteriorly
difference between two second and first measurements is range of extension

49
Q

Lumbar Spine extension ROM tape measure method

A

same as flexion but in extension

50
Q

what is the fingertip to floor ROM measurement (T/L Spine Flexion)

A

standing position
patient is asked to bend forward as far as possible while keeping feet flat on floor and knees extended

difference between middle finger tip and ground is measured

51
Q

is the fingertip-to-floor measurement recommended? what is it good for?

A

no, because hip flexion is included and spinal flexion cannot be isolated.

overall flexibility testing

52
Q

Fingertip-to-Floor method for T/L spine lateral flexion

A

standing position
asked to bend to the side as far as possible with feet flat and knees extended
be sure patient maintains neutral spine
at end range, mark where tip of middle finger reaches to
difference between this point and floor is the range of motion

53
Q

what is the alternative measuring process for a fingertip to floor measurement of T/L spine lateral flexion

A

difference between finger tip positions

marking where tip of middle finger is during starting position (erect, neutral posture)

doing normal test, then taking difference between fingertip positioning at the start and end on the leg.

54
Q

inclinometer test for flexion (T/L spine)

A

inclinometer placed on spinous process of C7, adjusted to 0°

second inclinometer placed on midsacrum, adjusted to 0°

end range is recorded and difference between two is taken from the measurement

55
Q

inclinometer placement for lumbar spine flexion

A

one inclinometer over spinous process of T12 and adjusted to 0°

another inclinometer placed over midsacrum, adjusted to 0°

patient is to flex to end range of motion, measurement is taken
midsacrum inclinometer subtracted from that on T12

56
Q

for inclinometry measurement of lumbar flexion, what do numbers on the midsacral inclinometer represent

A

hip flexion range of motion

57
Q

T/L Spine lateral flexion inclinometer measurements

A

standing position

one inclinometer on spinous process of T1, adjusted to 0°

one inclinometer placed on spinous process of S1, adjusted to 0°

asked to laterally flex

subtract reading on sacral inclinometer from that of the thoracic at end range

58
Q

T/L spine rotation inclinometer measurement

A

standing position, patient asked to flex forward so that back is parallel to ground

one inclinometer on C7 spinous process, adjusted to 0°

one inclinometer on spinous process of S1, adjusted to 0°

sacral # - cervical = rotation ROM

PT Exam (12 decks)

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