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Psychology 2220 > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

The transmission of information between individuals that occurs in many species

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2
Q

Language

A

What humans use to convey complex messages

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3
Q

Recursion

A

The largest differences between human language and most other communication systems

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4
Q

Split brain individuals

A

Could only verbally report words presented to left hemisphere

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5
Q

Dichotic presentation

A

Delivers different sounds to each ear at the same time

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6
Q

Right ear advantage

A

Right-handed people identify verbal stimuli delivered to the right ear more easily

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7
Q

Phonemes

A

Basic speech sounds

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8
Q

Morphemes

A

Simple units of meaning

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9
Q

Semantics

A

Units of meaning assembled into words with meaning

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10
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment in language ability caused by a brain injury usually to left hemisphere

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11
Q

Paraphasia

A

A substitution of a word by a sound or wrong word

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12
Q

Agraphia

A

Impairment in writing

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13
Q

Alexia

A

Impairment in reading

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14
Q

Apraxia

A

Motor impairment

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15
Q

Broca’s area

A

Region of the left inferior frontal region involved in speech production

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16
Q

Non-fluent (Broca’s) aphasia

A

Difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material

17
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one side of the body

18
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Region of the left posterior tempoproparietal cortex involved in speech perception

19
Q

Fluent (Wernicke’s) aphasia

A

Fluent, meaningless speech accompanied by many paraphasia and minimal language comprehension

20
Q

Global aphasia

A

Total loss of the ability to understand or produce language

21
Q

Connectionist model of aphasia (Wernicke-Geschwind model)

A

Deficits result from disconnection between brain regions

22
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

Connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s area. Probably actually terminates in the precentral gyrus though

23
Q

Motor theory of language

A

Proposes that anterior and posterior left-hemisphere language zones originally evolved as specializations for programming and executing complex movements

24
Q

Passively viewing

A

Posterior area within the left hemisphere is activated

25
Q

Passively hearing

A

Temporal lobes are active

26
Q

Repeating word

A

Motor and supplementary motor cortex is activated

27
Q

Generating associated word

A

Language related regions of the left hemisphere including Broca’s area are activated

28
Q

Subsong

A

Human babbling

29
Q

Plastic song

A

Species specific notes and song elements but not fully formed song production

30
Q

Crystallized song

A

A fully developed species specific song

31
Q

FOXP2 gene

A

Is important for the acquisition of language

32
Q

Deep dyslexia

A

Characterized by semantic errors eg reading the word “cow” as horse

33
Q

Surface dyslexia

A

The person makes errors when reading

Psychology 2220 (13 decks)

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