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Professional Communication - HLST 154 > Chapter 3- Verbal communication > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Verbal communication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different rules that words can follow?

A
  1. Semantic
  2. Syntactic
  3. Pragmatic
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2
Q

What are semantic rules?

A

Define word meanings. Context can alter their interpretations.

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3
Q

What are Syntactic rules?

A

Govern sentence structure like grammar and punctuation. The way symbols are arranged.

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4
Q

What are pragmatic rules?

A

Helps us holistically understand messages. Considers context and communication objectives.
-Denotative and connotative meanings

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5
Q

What does language play a role in shaping?

A

Our perception
-labels allow us to understand our experiences

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6
Q

What do our words reflect?

A

Our attitude and feeling towards people or things

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7
Q

What is the concept of level of abstraction in language?

A

Words can either be concrete or abstract

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8
Q

What are concrete words?

A

tangible items

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9
Q

What are abstract words?

A

concepts or ideas

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10
Q

What is the abstraction ladder?

A

Moving from abstract to concrete/specific ideas

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11
Q

What are the two meanings that words can be given?

A
  1. Denotative
  2. Connotative
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12
Q

What are denotative meanings?

A

Dictionary definition

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13
Q

What are connotative meanings?

A

Subjective meanings (vary among individuals)

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14
Q

How does language connect others?

A

Shared speech patterns create a sense of affilliation

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15
Q

What is convergence and divergence in relation to language?

A

We adjust our language to converge (become more similar) or diverge (differentiate) from others
Convergence- build relationships
Divergence- signal independence

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16
Q

What are the categories of bias/stereotypes?

A

Race
Gender
Age
Sexual orientation
Ability

17
Q

What is biased language?

A

Words that reflect unfair or prejudiced views that are not neutral/objective. Tend to perpetuate stereotypes.
-Doesn’t promote inclusivity

18
Q

What is formal language?

A

-Professional, grammatically correct, objective and complex.
-Academic or official content is formal

19
Q

What is informal language?

A

Casual, simple and often uses contractions and abbreviations.
-Everyday communication

20
Q

What is jargon?

A

technical language specific to a profession.
-Others outside of that group may not understand it

21
Q

What are colloquialisms?

A

Informal expressions that vary from region to region

22
Q

What is slang?

A

Nonstandard language often used by certain groups like young adults

23
Q

What are idioms?

A

Expressions or figures of speech whose meaning cannot be understood by interpreting the individual words literally.

24
Q

What are cliches?

A

expressions that have been overused to the point they’ve lost their original meaning

25
Q

What is improper language?

A

Vulgarity, cursing. Unprofessional.

26
Q

What is ambitious language?

A

language with various meanings that can lead to misinterpretation.

27
Q

What are euphemisms?

A

Polite or less blunt ways of saying something

28
Q

What is relative language?

A

Language varies depending on the person communicating because each persons perspectives vary

29
Q

What is status evaluation?

A

Idea that things are not constant and vary over time and language represents that change

30
Q

What is equivocal language?

A

Words that have more than one commonly accepted definitions.

31
Q

What is abstraction?

A

Language that is vague and unclear

32
Q

What is “I” language?

A

A statement that describes the speaker’s reaction to another person’s behaviour without making judgments about the behaviour’s worth

33
Q

What are two kins of disruptive language?

A
  1. Fact-opinion confusion
  2. Inference
34
Q

What is fact-opinion confusion?

A

occurs when inferences or assumptions are presented as facts

35
Q

What is an inference?

A

A conclusion that is arrived at from an interpretation of evidence

36
Q

What does RELATE stand for?

A

Respect
Empathize
Listen
Ask
Try
Explain

Professional Communication - HLST 154 (4 decks)

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