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Jorge URO > Female repro anatomy > Flashcards

Female repro anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the internal and external genital organs?

A

Internal: gonads, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vestibule
External: vulva, clitoris

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2
Q

Label this ovary

A
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3
Q

What is different about equine ovarian morphology?

A

Ovarian fossa with germinal epithelium is the only location of cortex
Vascular zone (normal medulla) is peripheral

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4
Q

What are the 4 layers of the oviduct/uterine tube?

A

Serosa
Muscularis (circular and longitudinal layers)
Submucosa
Mucosa

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5
Q

Label the oviduct

A
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6
Q

What are the 3 regions of the oviduct?

A

Infundibulum - covered with fimbriae to capture oocyte
Ampulla - ciliated, help oocyte migrate
Isthmus - next to uterus

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7
Q

Label the regions of the oviduct

A
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8
Q

What is the function of the uterine tube/oviduct?

A
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9
Q

Describe the structure of the uterus

A
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10
Q

How is the uterus formed?

A

fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

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11
Q

What are the functions of the uterus?

A
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12
Q

What are the different types of uterus and which species are they found in?

A

Duplex - 2 cervical canals, separate uterine horns (marsupials, rabbits)
Bicornuate - 2 uterine horns, small uterine body (mare, cow, bitch, queen, sow)
Simplex - single uterine body (primates)

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13
Q

What is the specific uterine morphology of cows?

A

Bicornuate
Curved uterine horns
Short uterine body

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14
Q

What is the specific uterine morphology of pigs?

A

bicornuate
long horns coiled in caudal direction
small uterine body

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15
Q

Describe the specific uterine morphology of mares

A

Bicornuate
Ovaries are sub-lumber and dorsal in position
Straight horns
Long body

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16
Q

Describe the specific uterine morphology of dogs

A

Bicornuate
Sub-lumbar ovaries but short mesovarium so position is dorsal
Straight horns
short body

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17
Q

Describe the microstructure and function of the uterine tissue

A

Endometrium:
- Endometrial gland secretion (histotroph) into lumen - stimuated by progesterone
Myometrium:
- muscular layers involved in parturition and gamete transport

18
Q

Label the microstructure of the uterine tissue

A
19
Q

What is the role of the endometrium in pregnancy?

A
20
Q

What is the anatomy and function of the cervix?

A

Columnar, ciliated epithelium
Cervical rings/folds
Narrowed end of uterine body
Barrier for uterus
Produces mucous during oestrus

21
Q

What is the function of the mucous secretions of the cervix during oestrus?

A
22
Q

What are the species differences in cervical rings/folds?

A
23
Q

What changes in the mucous secretion of the cervix during pregnancy?

A

more viscous and glues folds together (Cervical seal of pregnancy) due to prolonged progesterone

24
Q

What are the subdivisions of the vagina?

A

Cranial vagina - closest to cervix
Caudal vagina - between cranial vagina and urethral orifice
Vestibule - between urethral orifice and vulva

25
Q

What is the cervical os?

A

Where the cervix protrudes into the vagina (important in catheterisation)

26
Q

What is the fornix vagina?

A

invagination where cervix and vagina meet

27
Q

Functions of the vagina/vestibule

A

copulation
parturition
micturition

28
Q

What is the embryological origin of the vagina?

A

paramesonephric ducts

29
Q

What is the embryological origin of the vestibule?

A

formed from urogenital sinus

30
Q

What is the hymen?

A

Effective seal formed from the vestibulo-vaginal junction

31
Q

Describe the anatomy of the vulva

A

2 labia with dorsal and ventral commissure
Houses clitoris under a
transverse frenulum
Clitoral fossa surrounds clitoris

32
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the clitoris?

A

Can indicate when a mare is in oestrus (will avert clitoris)
Site where multiple bacteria can be housed - used for swabbing

33
Q

What is the function of the broad ligament?

A
34
Q

Describe the components of the broad ligament

A
35
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament?

A

tethers ovary to dorsal abdominal cavity

36
Q

What is the function of the round ligament?

A

goes from tip of uterine horn, through inguinal canal, tho vulva
prevents uterus from inverting

37
Q

What is the function of the proper ligament

A

Connects ovary to uterine horn

38
Q

What are the supporting ligaments of the female reproductive tract?

A

Broad
Round
Suspensory
Proper

39
Q

Describe the utero-ovarian counter-current transport system

A

PGF2a secreted from endometrium
Passes into ovarian vein
PGF2a diffuses from ovarian vein to ovarian artery (facilitated by intertwining of BVs)
High conc of PGF2a delivered to ovary

40
Q

Describe the innervation of the female reproductive tract

A

ANS
Ovaries - sympathetic from mesenteric plexus
Uterus, cervix, vagina - parasympathetic and sympathetic from pelvic plexus

41
Q

Label the female reproductive tract

A

Jorge URO (105 decks)

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