Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Large Animal Medicine > Swine Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

Swine Respiratory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common causes of dyspnea and cough in unweaned pigs?

A
  • iron deficiency anemia
  • PRRS
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • bacterial pneumonia - Hemophilus, Pasteurella, Mycoplasma
  • Pseudorabies
  • Toxoplasmosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common causes of respiratory disease is weaned and older pigs?

A
  • bacterial pneumonia
  • PRRS
  • worms
  • swine influenza
  • Pseudorabies
  • porcine stress syndrome/heat prostration
  • Fumonisin
  • Circovirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes atrophic rhinitis? What are some early signs? What is seen in chronic cases?

A

Bordetella + Pasteurella multocida

EARLY - sneezing, mucopurulent discharge, nasal bleeding, stunted growth, staining of medial canthus

CHRONIC - twisted snout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is seen on necropsy in cases of atrophic rhinitis? How is it diagnosed? Controlled?

A

nasal turbinate exam by the 2nd premolar shows a deviated septum

culture of tonsillary swabs - positive for Bordetella bronchiseptica or Pasteurella multocida, but they are normal flora

vaccinate + feed-grade antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do the etiologic agents of atrophic rhinitis cause twisted snouts?

A

P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica both contain dermonectrotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is swine influenza? What clinical signs are seen?

A

rapidly spreading viral disease with incubation of 12-48 hr –> low mortality, short course (2 weeks)

  • weakness
  • high fevers
  • oculonasal discharge
  • coughing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is swine influenza diagnosed?

A

reliably diagnosed on clinical grounds because there are no other diseases that are so dramatic in their onset and clinical effects

  • CONFIRMATION - blood samples taken at time of onset and 2-3 weeks later show rising levels of antibodies + nasal/throat swabs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRS) transmitted? What clinical signs are associated?

A

respiratory and reproductive (semen) fluids

  • SOWS - abortion at any stage of pregnancy, illness/death uncommon
  • NEONATES/YOUNG - infected in utero or shortly after birth –> weak, depression, respiratory distress, cyanosis, high mortality (peak at 4-10 weeks)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does PRRS have a predilection for?

A

intravascular and alveolar pulmonary macrophages

  • replicate within and makes them less effective and kills them –> pigs more susceptible to other diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 4 signs of PRRS in a naive herd?

A
  1. reproductive losses and decreased farrowing rate
  2. early farrowing at 105-112 days
  3. increased stillborn, mummified and weak piglets
  4. increased pre-weaning mortality often associated with increased bacterial infection –> scours, greasy pig disease, meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What clinical signs are seen in adults and piglets with PRRS?

A

ADULTS - reproductive signs, mild fever, anorexia, massive abortions

PIGLETS THRU FINISHING - respiratory disease, unthrifty, failure to thrive, increased secondary bacterial infections, increased mortality, decreased appetite, fever, rough haircoat, pneumonia, atrophic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is PRRS diagnosed? Controlled?

A

demonstrating of virus + serological profiling to determine herd status

  • stabilize infection with immunity - MLV vaccination, killed not recommended (intentional whole herd, allow 60 days between exposure and breeding)
  • quarantine
  • segregate rearing of offspring (all in, all out)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes Mycoplasma pneumonia in swine? What signs are associated? What is seen in chronic cases?

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

  • low mortality
  • chronic persistent non-productive coughing
  • poor growth
  • normal appetite

thumps –> dyspnea + abdominal breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is Mycoplasma pneumonia most commonly seen?

A

shortly after weaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is seen on necropsy in cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

cranioventral pneumonia

  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae + secondary pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is Mycoplasma pneumonia treated? What is prognosis like?

A

common antibiotics are commonly ineffective –> Nuflor, Draxxin

complete recovery limited, chronic cases have poorer prognosis

17
Q

What serves as the main source of Mycoplasma pneumonia in pig facilities? How is it transmitted?

A

carriers

long-distance transmission via aerosols

18
Q

How can Mycoplasma pneumonia be controlled?

A
  • antibiotics at weaning - tetracycline
  • vaccines - reduce lung lesions and improve growth (sows twice before farrowing, piglets at 6-8 weeks and repeated within 2-3 weeks)
  • control dust and noxious gases
19
Q

What are 5 parts of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC)?

A
  1. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
  2. Swine influenza
  3. PRRS
  4. Circovirus
  5. Pasteurella multocida
20
Q

What are the 2 forms of Pasteurella pneumonia in pigs?

A
  1. subacute - coughing, abdominal breathing, emaciation in finisher pigs
  2. chronic - respiratory signs, fever
21
Q

How is Pasteurella pneumonia diagnosed? How is it treated?

A
  • gross necropsy
  • culture P. multocida from lungs

common antibiotics are often ineffective –> newer antibiotics have better success

22
Q

What 4 diseases are caused by swine circovirus?

A
  1. postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) - growing pigs
  2. porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) - sows
  3. porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC)
  4. PCV-2 associated reproductive failure, enteritis, and CNS disease
23
Q

What 3 criteria are characteristic of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome?

A
  1. wasting, weight loss, ill thrift, failure to thrive
  2. microscopic lymphoid depletion or monocyte-macrophage associated inflammation in any organ
  3. detection of PCV2 in affected tissues

majority of swine farms are seropositive, but only a small percent show signs –> common in nursery-age or finisher pigs

24
Q

How do pigs present with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)?

A
  • unalert, non-feverish
  • numerous dime-sized, ulcerative, raised lesions on skin –> flank, rear legs, belly –> can coalesce and become crusty and black
  • necropsy - enlarged, pale, pinpoint hemorrhage on kidneys

PCV2 +/- Pasteurella multocida

25
Q

What is characteristic of PRDC outbreaks?

A

unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy, resulting in group morality 2-10x higher than normal

26
Q

What are 3 options for diagnosing PCV2 infection?

A
  1. serology - widespread, pigs will frequently be positive in the absence of clinical signs
  2. microscopic lesion evaluation and IHC stating
  3. viral isolation - rarely requested or necessary
27
Q

How is PCV2 infection treated? Prevented?

A

antibiotic therapy for secondary bacterial infection

  • vaccine - reduces severity and incidence
  • biosecurity - quarantine new arrivals, minimize visitor traffic, rodent/insect/bird control, shower-in shower-out procedures
  • production - ensure adequate intake of colostrum, minimize cross-fostering, reduce group size, all-in all-out
  • environment - good ventilation, removal of gas and humidity, appropriate temperature
  • control of other farm pathogens
28
Q

What causes pleuropneumonia in pigs? What necropsy lesion is characteristic?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

fibrinous pleuritis often seen in the caudordorsal lung fields (diaphragmatic lobes)

29
Q

What treatment is recommended for pleuropneumonia?

A
  • parenteral antibiotics - PPG, Ceftiofur, TIamulin, Tetracyclines
  • vaccination
30
Q

What causes Glasser’s disease? What pigs are most susceptible?

A

Haemophilus parasuis - ubiquitous in many herds and may not cause disease

severe disease in naive or stressed pigs

31
Q

What parts of the body does Glasser’s disease affect? How is it controlled?

A
  • lungs - pleuritis
  • joints - arthritis
  • intestines - peritonitis
  • brain - meningitis

vaccine –> colostral immunity usually enough

32
Q

What causes Mycoplasmal polyserositis? Where does it most commonly localize?

A

Mycoplasma hyorhinis

joints and serous body cavities –> lameness is typically prolonged

33
Q

How does Ascaris suum cause respiratory disease?

A
  • eggs are ingested and hatch in the intestines
  • larvae bass in the blood to the liver –> lungs

(eggs survive 15 years and require 2-3 weeks in the environment before they are infective)

34
Q

What 4 clinical signs are associated with Ascaris suum infection? What 2 necropsy lesions are characteristic?

A
  1. unthriftiness, poor weight gain
  2. rough hair coat
  3. chronic paroxysmal cough
  4. occasional abdominal breathing - thumping

multifocal hemorrhagic pneumonia + small white scars on the liver (milk liver)

35
Q

In what 4 ways can Ascaris suum infection be controlled?

A
  1. confinement
  2. deworm if left on dirt
  3. wash sows to remove eggs prior to moving to sanitized farrowing area
  4. early weaning of pigs before eggs become infective
36
Q

What 3 Metastrongylus species infect pigs? What is their lifecycle like?

A
  1. M. elongates**
  2. M. salmi
  3. M. pudendotectus

larvae hatch in feces –> larvae are eated by earthworms –> larvae mature in earthworms to infective L3 –> pig eats earthworm, allowing larvae to penetrate intestine and migrate to the lungs via blood/lymphatics

  • migration causes a great deal of inflammation, predisposes to secondary infection, and physically obstructs small airways
37
Q

Where does Metastrongylus larvae localize? What necropsy lesion is seen?

A

break into alveoli to localize into the diaphragmatic lung lobes

parasites found in terminal airways when bronchial tree is opened

38
Q

What are 3 options for lungworm vaccines?

A
  1. live irradiated larvae
  2. oral
  3. Huskvac
39
Q

Swine deworming agents:

A

Large Animal Medicine (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions