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HEMATOLOGY 1 > pbs, hematopoiesis > Flashcards

pbs, hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the critical value for hematocrit

A

<20%
>65%

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2
Q

what is the critical value for hemoglobin

A

<70 g/L
>200g/L

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3
Q

what is the critical value for RETICULOCYTE

A

> 20

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4
Q

what is the critical value for WBC COUNT

A

<2,000 IF NEW PX OR 1, 000 DIFFERENCE FROM THE PREVIOUS RESULTS IF LESS THAN 4,000

> 50,000 FOR NEW PATIENT

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5
Q

what is the critical value for BLOOD SMEAR

A

NEUTROPHILIC PHAGOCYTOSIS
ABNORMAL LEUKOMOID REACTION
SICKLE CELL
SCHISTOCYTE
BLAST FORMS
PRESENCE OF INTRACELLULAR ORGANISM

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6
Q

what is the critical value for PLATELETS

A

< 20,000/UL AND NOT PREVIOUSLY. REPORTED

> 1,000,000/UL

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7
Q

PROTHOMBIN TIME

A

40 SECONDS

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8
Q

2 sources of specimen for pbs

A

EDTA BLOOD
ANTICOAGULANT FREE BLOOD

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9
Q

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING EDTA FOR PBS?

A

MULTIPLE BLOOD SMEAR CAN BE MADE
THE BLOOD SMEAR MAY BE PREPARED LATER
EDTA PREEVENTS PLATELET CLUMPING

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10
Q

WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING EDTA

A

PLATELETS SATELLITOSIS
EDTA INDUCED PLATELET CLUMPING

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF 2 DISADVANTAGES

A

PLATELET SATELLITOSIS: PSEUDOTHROMBOCYTOPENIA

EDTA INDUCED PLATELET CLUMPING: PSEUDOTHROMBOCYTOPENIA AND PSEUDOLEUKOCYTOSIS

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12
Q

WHAT ARE THE REMEDIES FOR PSUEDOTHROMBOOCYTOPENIA AND PSUEDOLEUKOCYTOSIS

A

RECOLLECT BLOOD SPECIMEN THEN USE 3.2% SODIUM CITRATE

THEN AFTER YOU GOT THE RESULT COMPUTE THEM

PLATELET CNT RESULT X 1.1
WBC CNT RESULT X 1.1

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13
Q

THIS KIND OF SPECIMEN COLLECTION IS BEST FOR EVALUATION BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY

A

ANTICOAGULANT FREE BLOOD

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14
Q

ADVANTAGES OF ANTICOAGULANT-FREE BLOOD

A

MADE BESIDE THE PX
SOME ARTIFACT CAN BE PREVENTED

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15
Q

MOST FREQUENTLY USED METHOD IN BLOOD FILM PREPARATION

A

TWO-GLASS SLIDE METHOD (MANUAL WEDGE TECHNIQUE)

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 SLIDES BEING USED

A

PUSHER SLIDE
FILM SIDE

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17
Q

WHAT IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN THESE TWO SLIDES?

A

30-45 DEGREE

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18
Q

IF THE ANGLE OF THE SPREADER IS TOO HIGH WHAT WILL HAPPEN?

A

THICKER SMEAR

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19
Q

IF THE ANGLE OF THE SPREADER IS TOO LOW WHAT WILL HAPPEN?

A

THINNER SMEAR

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF PBS ?

A

2-3 MM

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21
Q

THE PROXIMITY OF BLOOD TO THE GLASS SLIDE

A

1CM

22
Q

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE SIZE OF THE DROP OF BLOOD IS TOO LARGE?

A

THICKER
LONGER SMEAR

23
Q

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE SIZE OF THE DROP OF THE BLOOD IS TOO SMALL?

A

THINNER
SHORTER SMEAR

24
Q

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE SPEED OF THE SPSREADER IS TOO FAST

A

THICKER SMEAR

25
Q

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE SPEED OF THE SPREADER IS TOO SLOW

A

THINNER SMEAR AND POOR WBC DISTRIBUTIO

26
Q

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE HCT OF THE PATIENT IS TOO HIGH ?

A

LOWER THE ANGLE
AS LOW AS 25 DEGREE

27
Q

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE HEMATOCRIT OF THE PATIENT IS TOO LOW

A

ANGLE SHOULD BE RAISED

28
Q

WHAT IS THE PATTER OF LONGITUDINAL (SCANNING METHOD)

A

TAIL TO HEAD

29
Q

WHAT. IS THE PATTERN OF THE BATTLEMENT ?

A

BACK AND FORTH SERPENT

30
Q

what is the purpose for blood smear staining

A

for evaluation of cellular morphology

31
Q

what are the 3 important solutions used for blood smear staning.

A

fixative
stain
buffer

32
Q

any stain which contains methylene blue and a halogenated fluorescein dye

A

romanowsky type stain

33
Q

most commoonly used type of stain in the hematology laboratory

A

ROMANOWSKY-TYPE STAIN

34
Q

EXAMPLES OF ROMANOWSKY BASED STAINS

A

WRIGHT STAIN
GIEMSA STAIN
MAY-GRUNWALD STAIN

35
Q

3 TECHNIQUES OF STAINING

A

MANUAL
AUTOMATED
QUICK

36
Q

TECHNIQUE THAT
FLOOD THE SLIDE WITH WRIGHT STAIN
ALLOW THE STAIN TO REMAIN ON THE SLIDE FOR 1-3 MINS
BUFFER IS THEN ADDED

A

MANUAL TECHNIQUE

37
Q

TECHNIQUE

GENERALLY 5-10 MINS TO STAIN A BATCH SLIDES
EXAMPLES
MIDAS 3
HEMA TEK
COUTER LH
SYSMEX SP-10

A

AUTOMATED TECHNIQUE

38
Q

CORRECT COLOR OF PBS MACROSCOPIC

A

PINK TO PURPLE

39
Q

CORRECT CLOR OF THESE CELLS MICROSCOPICALY
RBC

A

ORANGE TO SALMON PINK

40
Q

CORRECT CLOR OF THESE CELLS MICROSCOPICALY
WBC NUCLEI

A

PURPLE TO BLUE

41
Q

CORRECT CLOR OF THESE CELLS MICROSCOPICALY
NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMA

A

PINK TO TAN

42
Q

CORRECT CLOR OF THESE CELLS MICROSCOPICALY EOSINOPHIL GRANULES

A

BRIGHT ORANGE

43
Q

WHAT ARE THE USUAL CAUSES OF THESE PROBLEMS
RBC: GRAY
WBC: TOO DARK
EOSINOPHIL: GRAY

A

STAIN/BUFFER TOO BASIC
INADEQUATE RINSING
HEPARINIZED BLOOD WAS USED

44
Q

WHAT ARE THE USUAL CAUSES OF THESE PROBLEMS
RBC: OO PALE OR ARE RED
WBC: BARELY VISIBLE

A

STAIN/BUFFER IS TOO ACIDIC
UNDER BUFFERING
OVER RINSING

45
Q

BLOOD FILM BLUUER THAN NORMAL
WHAT IS THE PROBABLE REASON?

A

INCREASED BLOOD PROTEINS

46
Q

BLOOD HAS A GRAINY APPEARANCE
WHAT COULD BE THE PROBABLE REASOON

A

RBC AGGLUTINATION

47
Q

HOLES ALL OVER THE FILM WHAT IS THE PROBABLE REASON

A

INCREASED LIPID LEVEL

48
Q

BLUE SPECKS
WHAT COULD BE THE PROBABLE. REASON>

A

MARKEDLY INCREASED WBC. COUNTS AND PLATELET COUNTS

49
Q

STORAGE OF THE BLOODD SMEAR. SLIDES

A

AT LEASST 7 DAYS BEFORE PROPER DISPOSAL

50
Q

USED TO EXAMINE THE NULEAR DETAILS OF WBC
USDEE ALSO FOR THE TABULATION OF THE ACTUAL WBC DIFFERENTIAL AND ESTIMATION OF PLATELET COUNT

A

100X OIO

51
Q

USED ALSO TO ESTIMATE TOTAL WBC COUNT

A

40X HIGH DRY OR 50 X OIO

52
Q

USED TO ASSES OVERALL FIL QUALITY COLOR AND DISTRIBUTION OF CELLS
LOCATE RARE ABNORMAL WBC
USED TO DETECT SNOWPLOW EFFECT
USED TO DETECT FIBRIN STRANDS
RECOGNIZE ROULEAUX FROMATION
QUICKLY DETECT UNEXPECTED PARASITE
ASSESS THE ARE AVAILABLE FOR SUITABLE EXAMINATION

A

10 X OBJECTIVE

HEMATOLOGY 1 (8 decks)

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