extra

Question 1

what antibodies are formed in celiac disease

Answer 1

igA against glutin peptides and tTg

anti ttg
anti gliadin
anti endomysial

Question 2

igA against skin

Answer 2

dermatitis herpetaformis

igA directed against epithelial ttgase III

Question 3

what causes celiac

Answer 3

gentic most common

90 pecent have HLA DQ2 and some HLA DQ8

also enviromental hypothesis with cytokines IFN a, il15, 21 and CD4+ against gliadin - activate inhflamation or inhibit Treg

Question 4

skin epithelial cells

Answer 4

keritinocytes- live at lowest layers and replace top layers

Question 5

what immune cell in lung

Answer 5

alveolar macrophage

Question 6

mTg

Answer 6

explanation why CD is more prevalent

has no sequence similarity to human but same function

helps commensal microbes survive

Question 7

disease that affects phagocyte

Answer 7

leukocyte adjesion deficiency- affects extravasation

Question 8

CID

Answer 8

older people
leaky hypomorphic mutations causing SCID

Question 9

RAG/1/2 mutation

Answer 9

omenn sybdrome

Question 10

what does HIV affect

Answer 10

CXCR4 chemokine receptor onT cells

reduction in CD4+ t cells and lost of pyers patches

Question 11

isolated lymphoid follicle

Answer 11

secondary lymphoid tissue
transcytose Ag and igA

Question 12

what cytokines important in class swithcing to igA

Answer 12

BAFF and APRIL

Question 13

intraepithelial lymphocytes

Answer 13

lymphocytes resident in the MALT

Question 14

what do commental organisms do in the GIT

Answer 14

promote tolerance w thier SCFA and PSA that skews to a T reg response

Question 15

what happens to the gut when you are stressed

Answer 15

produce noradrenaline leading to altered gut microbiome- mycrobial dysbiosis- incerase in inflamation- increase in depression

Question 16

what cell degrandulates in Th2 response

Answer 16

eosinophils by having the ag bound to the igE antibodies

Question 17

what causes tH1 shift in celiac

Answer 17

if there is viral infection or tissue damage we produce INF Y that shifts to TH1 respones and damage to epithelimu by CTL that recognize self

Question 18

which hypersensitivities are ab mediated and which are cell

Answer 18

1-3 ab
4 is cell

Question 19

what cells are in the type 1 activation phse

Answer 19

mast cells and basophils

Question 20

what causes cross linking of igE and mast cell

Answer 20

anti igE
anti FcERi
chemical
lectins

Question 21

what increases during the activation phase

Answer 21

cAMP

Question 22

where are mast cells found

Answer 22

tissue

Question 23

where are basophils found

Answer 23

circulation

Question 24

how long does igE remain on cell surface

Answer 24

weeks

Question 25

mast cells release things

Answer 25

in two phases

1- primary- histamine and herapin

2- secondary- prostaglandins, interleukins, il3 and 4

Question 26

second/ late phase reaction time

Answer 26

4-6 hours and persists for 1-2 days

Question 27

third phase reaction time

Answer 27

3-4 days

Question 28

second phase reaction mediated by

Answer 28

infilatration of immune cells eosinophils and neutrophils

Question 29

third phase reactino mediate dby

Answer 29

basophils from blood recruiting more neutrophils and eosinophils

Question 30

atopic march

Answer 30

The atopic march refers to the natural history of allergic diseases as they develop over the course of infancy and childhood

starts with excema

Question 31

what genes are associated w type I hypersensitivity

Answer 31

il4
igE receptor b chain
MHC

Question 32

hygeine hypothesis

Answer 32

not exposed to microbes, dont shift from th2 to th1 resposne

Question 33

old friends hypothesis

Answer 33

not enough helminth infection to diversivy the microbiome

Question 34

what do we know about what causes allergies

Answer 34

an initiating evnet that damages a barriers in the immune system

along w danger signals that lead to activation of innate and adaptive immune systems

Question 35

dual allergen hypothesis

Answer 35

need to be exposed orally and cutaneously to skew to T reg response