Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

immunology > 9 + 10 > Flashcards

9 + 10 Flashcards

1
Q

TCR antigen binding specificity is

A

random

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

only TCR that recognizes _ can be activated

A

self MHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Walk me through t cellin the thymus

A

start w acquiring the TCR
- TCRb first w placeholder TCRa just like heavy and light chains
then aquire both CD4+,CD8+
then go through positive selection
then lose on of the +’s
then go through negative selection

DN (corticomedullary junction to cortex to subspapsular cortex) at the subcapsular cortex TCR rearrangement happens

in the cortex we acquire CD4+8+ and do positive selection there

negative selectino in the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lethal x irradiation

A

destroy bone marrow

didnt have an effect along w bone marrow graft on what cells recognized self MHC in mice experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T cells w low TCR affinity for self

A

fail to be positively selected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does negative selection occur

A

in medulla by thymic mTECs and thymic dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what carries superantigens

A

bacteria and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

superantigens result

A

activate 5% of peripheral t cells and lead to massive negative selection and deletion in the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gamma delta T cells expressedin association w _ but not _

A

CD3 but not CD4,8+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GAMMA DEELTA T CELLS DEFENSE

A

primary defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

variability of y D t cells

A

less variable than a B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the two signals for t cells can

A

come from two different cells or mimmicked using ab but this isnt the normal case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what makes up the psmac

A

adhesion molecules and bound ligands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what activates macrophages

A

PAMPS and t cell help (ifn y)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what activates dendritic cells

A

PAMPs and cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what activates b cells

A

ag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what inc the likelihood of T cell meeting its right ag

A

the ability of t cells to recirculate the lymph system and meet DC that go to the lymph node w the ag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what allows for paracrine IL2 to have an effect

A

if the non self cells also upregulated high affinity IL2 receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the result of IL2 and IL2R

A

many genetically identical memory and efector T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does cyclosporin do

A

prevents calcineuring dephosphorylating NFATc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

wgat is the purpose of B7/CD28 and ICOS

A

ahesive interactinos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cytokine effect on B cells

A

allows them to progress through the cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what induces cytokine secrection by APCs

A

binding to PAMPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IFNY in TH1

A

activates macrophages which turns on thier microbicidal activity and secretes IL12 further skewing to TH1

class switch B cells to igG

25
Q

cytokines in deciding the Th cell subset

A

positive feedback

activates master regulator for one type and inhibits master regulatro for another type

26
Q

Th17 polarizing cytokines

A

il17, TGFB il6 il23

27
Q

function of il17

A

autoimmune
dual protective and pathogenic role
mutated in HIES due to STAT3 mutation
protects against bacteria and funghi

28
Q

peripheral t reg function

A

differ from thymic t reg
important in pregnancy
il10 and TGFb inhibit APC activity by targettingother t cells

29
Q

peripheral treg cytokines`

A

TGFB
il10
il2

30
Q

retinoic acid/ vit a

A

plays a role in inducing Treg polarization

31
Q

TGFB

A

upregulates both FOXP3 and RORYT both of which miportant at balacing and at barrier tissues

32
Q

Tfh master regulator

A

Bcl6

33
Q

Tfh cytokines

A

il4
il21
il6

34
Q

Tfh purpose

A

imortant for germinal centre
high CD40L
express CXCR5 (and ICOS) which draws it to CXCL13 in germianal centre
afffinity maturation

35
Q

BCL2

A

inhbitis
tbet
gata3
RORYT

36
Q

what th cell important for b and t cell help

A

b cell help- tfh
t cell help- th1

37
Q

what also induces anergy

A

inhibitory costimulatory receptors/ signlas

CTLA 4 instead of CD28- induced within 24 of t cell activation- binds w higher affinity than CD28
PD 1 binding to PDL1

  • important for cancer therapy
38
Q

anti PD1 mAB cancer therapy

A

nivolumab
pembrolizumab

39
Q

anti CTLA4 cancer therapy

A

ipilumab

40
Q

what induces apoptosis

A

actiavtion of Fas recetpro on activated T cells

trimerization when Fas interacts w its receptor
brings in FADD
activates pro apoptotic caspace proteases
apoptosis

41
Q

B cell only getting signal 1

A

apoptosis

42
Q

b cell only getting signal 2

A

neglect

43
Q

t cell only getting signal 1

A

anergy

44
Q

t ecll only getting signal 2

A

nothing

45
Q

where are niave b cells found

A

in the spleen

46
Q

where are memory b cells found

A

BM
LN
spleen

47
Q

abs in naive b cells

A

IGM
IGD
low

48
Q

abs in memory b cells

A

all of them
high

49
Q

how are memory CTLs activated

A

can be w/o t cell help

50
Q

how are memory b cells activated

A

still need Th cell help

51
Q

generation of tc cells

A

either sequentially or simultaneously

Th allows DC to use the cross presentation pathway to express an endogenous antigen on MHCI to activate Tc cells

52
Q

how does a CTL functino

A

lethal hit and delivery system

forms congugate w target cell and cytoplasm rearranges

CTL granule exocytosis (perforins and granzymes in FasL)

CTL dissociation

CTL recycling

53
Q

pathways used by CTLs and NK cells to induce apoptosis

A

2 pathways

caspase 3
Fas L- perforins and granszymes

54
Q

NK cells vs CTLS

A

have the same cytotoxic machienery but different ways of target recognition and regulation

55
Q

loss of MHC molecule expression on APC

A

promotes killing of altered self cel

56
Q

up regulation of stress induced ligands

A

promotes killing of altered self cell

57
Q

presence of MHC I but a little of activating stress indued ligand

A

NK cell inhibited

58
Q

NK cell memory

A

exists

59
Q
A

immunology (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions