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Healthy Populations Exam 3 > Reptiles > Flashcards

Reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

The two main viral diseases of reptiles are:

A

Paramyxovirus
Inclusion Body Disease (IBD)

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2
Q

Bacterial diseases of reptiles include:

A

Ulcerative stomatitis
Pneumonia
Salmonella
Mycobacteriosis

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3
Q

What is an acute respiratory disease in snakes and epizootics complicated by secondary bacterial infections?

A

Paramyxovirus

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4
Q

What is the protocol for a snake with Paramyxovirus?

A

Quarantine 90 days; check PMV titers

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5
Q

Diagnosis of Paramyxovirus is usually made:

A

Postmortem

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6
Q

Characteristics of Inclusion Body Disease:

A

Pathogen of boid snakes (constrictors, boas<pythons)
Causes encephalitis and flaccid paralysis

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7
Q

Diagnosis of inclusion body disease:

A

Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions

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8
Q

Treatment for inclusion body disease:

A

None
Euthanasia recommended

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9
Q

Ulcerative stomatitis is also called:

A

mouth rot, infectious stomatitis

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10
Q

What ultimately causes ulcerative stomatitis?

A

Secondary to poor husbandry or management

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11
Q

Ulcerative stomatitis is associated with what bacteria?

A

Aeromonas sp/Pseudomonas sp.

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12
Q

Clinical signs associated with ulcerative stomatitis?

A

Reluctant to eat, inflammation, ulcers, abscesses

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13
Q

Treatment for ulcerative stomatitis?

A

Debride, topical and systemic abx, husbandry improvement

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14
Q

Pneumonia commonly affects ______ and is caused by which bacterial species?

A

Snakes, turtles
Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus spp.

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15
Q

Pneumonia is commonly secondary to:

A

Paramyxovirus infections

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16
Q

Clinical signs associated with pneumonia?

A

Resp distress, audible breathing sounds, nasal bubbling, open-mouth breathing, listing to one side in water (turtles)

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17
Q

Diagnosis for pneumonia:

A

Tracheal swab, tracheal wash, rads

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18
Q

Treatment for pneumonia:

A

Systemic abx (C&S), improve husbandry, supportive care, isolate from other animals

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19
Q

Characteristics of a salmonella infection in reptiles:

A

usually subclinical (normal intestinal flora), clinical signs appear when stressed

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20
Q

Clinical signs of salmonellosis:

A

Acute enteritis, septicemia, pneumonia, death

21
Q

Salmonellosis is ______ in all reptiles, especially ____

A

Zoonotic, turtles

22
Q

Why did the FDA ban having pet “baby” turtles?

A

Risk of salmonellosis zoonosis, small enough to fit in child’s mouth

23
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacteriosis in reptiles?

A

M. marinum, M. cheloni, M. ulcerans
Ubiquitous in environment and water
Zoonotic potential!!

24
Q

Clinical signs of mycobacteriosis infection in reptiles?

A

Nodular lesions on extremities and internal organs

25
Q

General characteristics of parasites in reptiles?

A

More common in wild reptiles
Can occur in captive reptiles with poor husbandry
Enteritis, anemia, skin lesions

26
Q

Most common parasitic issue in reptiles?

A

Mites & Ticks

27
Q

What are the most common non-infectious diseases for reptiles?

A

Metabolic bone disease
Hypovitaminosis A
Dysecdysis
Follicular stasis/Dystocia
Gout
Trauma

28
Q

Characteristics of metabolic bone disease?

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism and nutritional osteodystrophy
Imbalance of Ca:P ratio (1.2:1 recommended)
Improper diet, improper UV light
More common in herbivores, omnivores

29
Q

Clinical signs of metabolic bone disease:

A

Lethargy, anorexia, lameness, swollen joints, scoliosis, kyphosis, shell deformities

30
Q

Diagnosis of metabolic bone disease:

A

Clinical signs, rads, diet analysis

31
Q

Treatment of metabolic bone disease:

A

Correct diet, provide UV light, parenteral Ca+

32
Q

Characteristics of hypovitaminosis A:

A

Insufficient Vitamin A in diet
Most common in pet aquatic turtles
Seen in box turtles with otitis media

33
Q

Clinical signs of Hypovitaminosis A:

A

Conjunctivitis, palpebral edema, otitis, blepharitis, overgrowth of horny mouth parts, resp distress
Squamous metaplasia of epithelial cells

34
Q

Diagnosis of hypovitaminosis A:

A

Clinical signs & diet analysis

35
Q

Treatment of Hypovitaminosis A:

A

Parenteral Vitamin A, correct diet, treat secondary infections

36
Q

Main characteristics of Dysecdysis:

A

Incomplete or retained shed skin/spectacles
Can result in unintentional aggression, striking
Secondary to low humidity, poor nutrition, etc.

37
Q

Tx for Dysecdysis:

A

Misting/soaking, physical removal

38
Q

Follicular stasis is another term for:

A

Dystocia, “egg bound,” retained eggs

39
Q

Cause of follicular stasis?

A

Improper diet or temp, cracked eggs, infection of repro tract, systemic infection

40
Q

Clinical signs of follicular stasis:

A

Anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distension, restlesness

41
Q

Diagnosis of follicular stasis:

A

History, palpation, radiology, ultrasound

42
Q

Treatment of follicular stasis:

A

Supportive care (fluids, heat, calcium)
Oxytocin
Ovariectomy

43
Q

Causes of Gout in reptiles:

A

Excess protein (meat), various drugs, water deprivation
Uric acid accumulation in various tissues

44
Q

What are the two forms of gout in reptiles:

A

Visceral & Articular
Visceral: tubular damage in kidneys
Articular: Swollen joints, painful

45
Q

Diagnosis of gout:

A

History, palpation, rads

46
Q

Treatment of gout:

A

Reduce protein, increase water availability

47
Q

Main causes of trauma in reptiles?

A

Thermal injury
Bite wound with secondary bacterial infection

48
Q

What are the big zoonotic bacterial infections in reptiles?

A

Aeromonas
Pseudomonas
Salmonella
Mycobacterium

49
Q

What are some standard safety practices for reptiles? (5)

A
  1. Wear gloves if handling sick species, esp aquatics
  2. Wash hands
  3. Awareness of zoonoses
  4. Educate/inform clients
  5. Advise personal physician of contact with reptiles

Healthy Populations Exam 3 (21 decks)

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