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Healthy Populations Exam 3 > Lab Animal > Flashcards

Lab Animal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the duties of lab animal vets?

A
  1. Treat disease in species used for research
  2. Facility management
  3. Training and research support
  4. Regulatory oversight
  5. Specific institutional duties
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2
Q

What are the organizations that oversee animals used in research?

A

IACUC
Animal Welfare Act (USDA)
Public Health Service Policy (OLAW)
Good Laboratory Practices (FDA)
AAALAC

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3
Q

What is the purpose of IACUC?

A

Required for any institution that uses animals

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4
Q

What is the main role of IACUC?

A

-Inspect every place an animal is brought or housed every 6 months
-Review animal use protocols for research and teaching
-Ensure compliance with all federal regulations
-Following “The Guide”

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5
Q

What animals are covered by the AWA?

A

Dogs, cats, hamsters, rabbits, non-human primates, guinea pig, other warm blooded animals

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6
Q

What animals are EXCLUDED from AWA?

A

Rodents bred for research
Farm animals (used for food/fiber/ag experiements)
Cold-blooded animals

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7
Q

What does the AWA outline?

A

Size and sanitation of enclosures
Transportation
Dogs: exercise program
Non-Human primates: psychological enrichment program

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8
Q

Who enforces the AWA?

A

USDA

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9
Q

Public Health Service Policy covers:

A

ALL animals used in PHS-funded research

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10
Q

GLP is enforced by:

A

FDA

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11
Q

What is AAALAC?

A

Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory and Animal Care

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12
Q

What does AAALAC do?

A

Voluntary
Site visit to assess animal program every 3 years

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13
Q

Accreditation by AAALAC ensures:

A

Meeting standards required by law
Going the extra step to achieve excellence in animal care and use

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14
Q

What is biosecurity?

A

All measures taken to prevent, identify, contain, and eradicate known or unknown infections that may cause clinical disease…etc

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15
Q

What are the main engineering features of animal facilities that aim to prevent disease?

A

Facility design
Air lock at entry and exit of facility
Restricted access
Pressurization of rooms in facility/air flow

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16
Q

When should a room have negative air pressure? Positive?

A

Negative: ABSL2/3 pathogens or infectious disease (trying to contain to room)
Positive: Immunocompromised rodents, surgical suites (keep pathogens outside)

17
Q

What animal facility practices would maximize disease prevention?

A

Moving in room order from cleanest to dirtiest
Sanitation
PPE
IVCs, Animal Transfer stations
Treated food and water
Quarantine

18
Q

Food for lab animals in research should be ___ or ___, and water should be _____ or _____

A

Food: Irradiated; autoclaved
Water: Hyperchlorinated; acidified

19
Q

Rodent health monitoring program should be done how often?

A

Quarterly

20
Q

What is the rodent health monitoring program testing for?

A

Rodent specific bacteria, viruses, and parasites that cause clinical disease or affect research

21
Q

What are the two surveillance methods for lab animals?

A

Dirty Bedding Sentinel
Environmental Testing

22
Q

What is the Dirty Bedding Sentinel method of surveillance?

A

-Immune competent mice exposed weekly to dirty bedding of research mice
-Quarterly mice are euthanized, necropsied, and tested for disease by serology

23
Q

What is the Environmental testing method of surveillance?

A

Mouse IVC rack, sample exhaust air duct for disease
Swab exhaust plenums
PCR based

24
Q

Pros/Cons of dirty bedding sentinel method?

A

Pros: Direct test, necropsy, daily surveillance of health
Cons: Animal use, some agents not transmitted by soiled bedding

25
Q

Pros/Cons of environmental testing method?

A

Pros: Reduced animal use, more sensitive for certain pathogens
Cons: DNA detection- can detect dead DNA, so is that pathogen actually active?

26
Q

Lab animal industry is moving towards which method?

A

Environmental testing method

27
Q

What is the first step if you detect a rodent pathogen during quarterly testing?

A

Re-Test!
Use alternative or complementary methods

28
Q

After retesting to confirm a pathogen is actually present, what is your next step?

A

Containment

29
Q

What might a containment plan include?

A

Stop movement of animals, people, and supplies
Limit access to room
Change facility practices
Additional/more frequent testing of animals
Stop breeding

30
Q

What is the final step for biosecurity in lab animal settings?

A

Eradicate

31
Q

Methods of eradication?

A

Depopulate
Disinfect
Repopulate

32
Q

Why is eradication not always feasible?

A

Valuable mouse lines are not always readily available to replace depopulated lines

33
Q

Other options for eradication when depopulation is unavailable?

A

Test and cull
Treat the infection
Rederivation of lines

34
Q

What are some ways to “rederivate” lines of valuable mice when depopulation is not an option?

A

Cross-foster
Embryo transfer
C-section

35
Q

When is an outbreak considered over?

A

Two consecutive negative screens of 100% of cages

36
Q

What are the four basic components of biosecurity?

A

Prevent, Identify, Contain, Eradicate

Healthy Populations Exam 3 (21 decks)

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