Topic 2: How do we Conduct & Interpret Research in Sport and Exercises Psychology Flashcards
Independent Variable
Variable that is manipulated (cause).
i.e. Research on the effects of exercise on cognitive function, the effects of exercise is the independent variable.
Dependent Variable
Variable that is affected by the independent variable (outcome).
i.e. Research on the effects of exercise on cognitive function, cognitive function is the dependent variable.
Non-experimental/Observational Study
There is no (in)dependent variable and typically does not involve a hypothesis.
- Interviews, focus groups, journaling, etc.
Cross-Sectional Study
Comparing two or more different groups on a subject. For example, comparing body image between exercisers, non exercisers and athletes.
Pros: Low administration, quick
Cons: Assume changes
Longitudinal Design Study
Observe a variable over time on a group of individuals. For example, observing changes in body image over time as participants engage in exercise.
Pros: Change is observed across time
Cons: High administration, high drop out rate, training effects, no control
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Individuals are randomly assigned to either a control or experimental group that are compared over time. For example, what are the effects of exercise on body imagine compared to a control group?
Pros: change observed over time, confident in changes
Cons: high administration, drop out
Types of measures used in research
- Self-Report/Survey (i.e. Log)
- Objective/Technical (i.e. HR monitor)
- Observational (i.e. observe a class)
Confounding Variable
Variable whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results do not reflect the true relationship between them.
Moderator Variable
Variable that alters the direction or strength of the relationship between the variable studied.
Mediator Variable
Variable that explains the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable.