Memory - long term memory Flashcards
who established the types of long term memory
- Tulving (1985)
- realised multi-store model was simple
what are the types of long term memory
- procedural
- episodic
- semantic
what is procedural memory
- how to do things
- no need for conscious efforts
- difficult to explain to someone - walking and writing
what is episodic memory
- ability to recall events
- memories are time stamped
- requires conscious effort
what is semantic memory
- facts and knowledge
- meanings of words/ concepts
- less personal
what are the strengths of long term memory
Clinical Evidence
- HM couldn’t recall stroking a dog but understood the concept
- procedural memories intact
- one store can be damaged and the other unaffected
Brain Scanning evidence - Buckner and Peterson 1996
- participants performed tasks whilst under a PET scanner
- episodic and semantic memories in pre frontal cortex
- semantic in left prefrontal cortex
- episodic in right prefrontal cortex
what are the limitations of long term memory
Tulving 1994
- reviewed evidence regarding the location of semantic and episodic memory
- found semantic memory in right prefrontal cortex
- episodic memory in left prefrontal cortex
- poor agreement on where each type of memory is located
- clinical studies have a lack of control variables
- injuries to the brain is usually unexpected
- researcher had no knowledge of the individual’s memory before the injury