Memory - long term memory

Question 1

who established the types of long term memory

Answer 1

• Tulving (1985)
• realised multi-store model was simple

Question 2

what are the types of long term memory

Answer 2

• procedural
• episodic
• semantic

Question 3

what is procedural memory

Answer 3

• how to do things
• no need for conscious efforts
• difficult to explain to someone - walking and writing

Question 4

what is episodic memory

Answer 4

• ability to recall events
• memories are time stamped
• requires conscious effort

Question 5

what is semantic memory

Answer 5

• facts and knowledge
• meanings of words/ concepts
• less personal

Question 6

what are the strengths of long term memory

Answer 6

Clinical Evidence
- HM couldn’t recall stroking a dog but understood the concept
- procedural memories intact
- one store can be damaged and the other unaffected

Brain Scanning evidence - Buckner and Peterson 1996
- participants performed tasks whilst under a PET scanner
- episodic and semantic memories in pre frontal cortex
- semantic in left prefrontal cortex
- episodic in right prefrontal cortex

Question 7

what are the limitations of long term memory

Answer 7

Tulving 1994
- reviewed evidence regarding the location of semantic and episodic memory
- found semantic memory in right prefrontal cortex
- episodic memory in left prefrontal cortex
- poor agreement on where each type of memory is located

• clinical studies have a lack of control variables
• injuries to the brain is usually unexpected
• researcher had no knowledge of the individual’s memory before the injury