Memory - misleading information Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an eyewitness testimony

A
  • ability of people to remember the details of eventsw
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2
Q

what is misleading information

A
  • incorrect information given to an eyewitness after the event
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3
Q

what is a leading question

A

a question that suggests an answer

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4
Q

what is post event discussion

A
  • more than one witness to an event
  • witnesses discuss what they have seen
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5
Q

what is the research into leading questions

A

Loftus and Palmer (1974)
- 45 participants watched film clips of a car accident
- asked leading questions
- asked how fast the car was going - contacted, bumped, collided, smashed
- contacted had a mean speed of 31.8mph
- smashed had a mean speed of 40.5mph

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6
Q

why do leading questions affect eye witness testimony’s

A
  • Loftus and palmer repeated experiement and asked if there was glass present
  • verb smashed - more likely to report seeing glass even though there was none
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7
Q

what is the research on post-event discussion

A

Fiona Gabbert et al (2003)
- participants watched a video of the same crime
- each from a different perspective
- each discussed before individually completing a recall test
- 71% mistakenly recalled
- 0% mistakenly recalled in a control group

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8
Q

why do post event discussion affect eye witness testimony’s

A

Memory contamination
- combine misinformation with our own memories

Memory conformity
- agree with others for social support

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9
Q

what are the strengths of misleading information

A

Real world application
- used in the criminal justice system
- used in interviews on witnesses

Loftus (2002)
- asked college students if they saw Ariel and Bugs bunny at Disney
- Ariel wasn’t at Disney at this time
- Bugs bunny isn’t Disney
-proves that leading questions creates false memories

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10
Q

what are the limitations of misleading information

A

Foster et al (1994)
- if participants were watching a real life robbery their recall would be more accurate than a staged one

Skagerberg and Wright (2008)
- showed participants film clips
- each participant saw one of two clips
- often didn’t report what they had seen but a blend of both clips together
- memory is distorted through contamination not conformity

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