CHAPTER 21 heart anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where does the heart extend vertically

A

L. 2nd to 5th intercostal spaces

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2
Q

where does the heart extend horizontally

A

r edge sternum to l mcl

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3
Q

heart’s position

A

inverted cone

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4
Q

a chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels

A

precordium

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5
Q

these are large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from heart

A

great vessels

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6
Q

what separates the R and L sides of the heart

A

septum

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7
Q

tenderlike structures that play a role in the atrioventricular valves

A

chordae tendinae

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8
Q

what part of the heart opens during ventricular contraction

A

semilunar valves

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9
Q

tough fibroserous sac attaching to great vessels and surrounds heart

A

pericardium

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10
Q

a serous membrane lining secreting small amount of pericardial fluid

A

parietal pericardium

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11
Q

muscles that covers outer surface of the heart

A

epicardium

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12
Q

thickest layer of muscle covering the heart made out of contractile cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

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13
Q

thin layer of endothelial tissue; innermost layer has blood vessels

A

endocardium

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14
Q

during which phase does the emptying and contraction of ventricles occur

A

systole

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15
Q

during which phase does the filling ; relaxation of ventricle occur

A

diastole

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16
Q

this is called the early or protodiastolic filling

A

diastole

17
Q

term for presystol/atrial systole

A

atrial kick

18
Q

the final active filing phase

A

atrial kick

19
Q

causes the pulmonary valves to shut

A

systole

20
Q

the closure of the av valves produce what sound

A

LUB / s1

21
Q

this is where all 4 valves are closed and ventricles contract

A

isometric contraction

22
Q

what sound does the closure of semilunar valves produce

A

DUP/S2

23
Q

what part of the heart is the loudest first sound OR S1

A

apex

24
Q

which sound is longer S1 or s2

A

s1

25
Q

this sound occurs at the end of the ventricular systole

A

S2

26
Q

THE S2 is heard loudest in

A

base of heart

27
Q

acts as one way doors, making sure blood flows in correct direction

A

heart valves

28
Q

extra heart sounds

A

s3 s4

29
Q

often termed ventricular gallop

A

S3

30
Q

what sound is heard late in diastole before s1

A

s4

31
Q

often termed atrial gallop

A

s4

32
Q

a sound result from ventricular vibration due to ventricular resistance during contraction

A

s4

33
Q

this is called the blood flowing silently through the heart

A

murmurs

34
Q

conditions contributing turbulent blood flow

A

blood velocity
valve defects/malfunction
abnormal chamber openings

35
Q

factors affecting hr

A

hormones
fitness
age
innvervation

36
Q

factors affecting sv

A

heart size
fitness levels
gender
contractility
duration
preload
afterload

37
Q

the amount of blood pumped by ventricles during a given period of time

A

CARDIAC OUTPUT

38
Q

the l. ventricle usually contract how much blood

A

70ml