CHAPTER 21 heart anatomy

Question 1

where does the heart extend vertically

Answer 1

L. 2nd to 5th intercostal spaces

Question 2

where does the heart extend horizontally

Answer 2

r edge sternum to l mcl

Question 3

heart’s position

Answer 3

inverted cone

Question 4

a chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels

Answer 4

precordium

Question 5

these are large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from heart

Answer 5

great vessels

Question 6

what separates the R and L sides of the heart

Answer 6

septum

Question 7

tenderlike structures that play a role in the atrioventricular valves

Answer 7

chordae tendinae

Question 8

what part of the heart opens during ventricular contraction

Answer 8

semilunar valves

Question 9

tough fibroserous sac attaching to great vessels and surrounds heart

Answer 9

pericardium

Question 10

a serous membrane lining secreting small amount of pericardial fluid

Answer 10

parietal pericardium

Question 11

muscles that covers outer surface of the heart

Answer 11

epicardium

Question 12

thickest layer of muscle covering the heart made out of contractile cardiac muscle

Answer 12

myocardium

Question 13

thin layer of endothelial tissue; innermost layer has blood vessels

Answer 13

endocardium

Question 14

during which phase does the emptying and contraction of ventricles occur

Answer 14

systole

Question 15

during which phase does the filling ; relaxation of ventricle occur

Answer 15

diastole

Question 16

this is called the early or protodiastolic filling

Answer 16

diastole

Question 17

term for presystol/atrial systole

Answer 17

atrial kick

Question 18

the final active filing phase

Answer 18

atrial kick

Question 19

causes the pulmonary valves to shut

Answer 19

systole

Question 20

the closure of the av valves produce what sound

Answer 20

LUB / s1

Question 21

this is where all 4 valves are closed and ventricles contract

Answer 21

isometric contraction

Question 22

what sound does the closure of semilunar valves produce

Answer 22

DUP/S2

Question 23

what part of the heart is the loudest first sound OR S1

Answer 23

apex

Question 24

which sound is longer S1 or s2

Answer 24

s1

Question 25

this sound occurs at the end of the ventricular systole

Answer 25

S2

Question 26

THE S2 is heard loudest in

Answer 26

base of heart

Question 27

acts as one way doors, making sure blood flows in correct direction

Answer 27

heart valves

Question 28

extra heart sounds

Answer 28

s3 s4

Question 29

often termed ventricular gallop

Answer 29

S3

Question 30

what sound is heard late in diastole before s1

Answer 30

s4

Question 31

often termed atrial gallop

Answer 31

s4

Question 32

a sound result from ventricular vibration due to ventricular resistance during contraction

Answer 32

s4

Question 33

this is called the blood flowing silently through the heart

Answer 33

murmurs

Question 34

conditions contributing turbulent blood flow

Answer 34

blood velocity
valve defects/malfunction
abnormal chamber openings

Question 35

factors affecting hr

Answer 35

hormones
fitness
age
innvervation

Question 36

factors affecting sv

Answer 36

heart size
fitness levels
gender
contractility
duration
preload
afterload

Question 37

the amount of blood pumped by ventricles during a given period of time

Answer 37

CARDIAC OUTPUT

Question 38

the l. ventricle usually contract how much blood

Answer 38

70ml