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MCQ 1.3 > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the larynx

A

Connection between the pharynx and trachea

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2
Q

What does the larynx do

A

Prevents foreign bodies entering airway

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3
Q

Where is the larynx located

A

Midline opposite the cervical vertebrae C3 to C6

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4
Q

What is vallecula

A

A depression in the mucosa between the pharyngeal portion of the tongue and anterior border of epiglottis

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5
Q

What is the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) formed by

A

The angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx

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6
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage do

A

Maintains airway, provides attachment for muscles, ligaments and cartilage, vocal chords

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7
Q

What does the isthmus do

A

Connects the lobes of the thymus gland

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8
Q

Where is the laryngeal inlet

A

Bounded by the epiglottis anteriorly
Aryepiglottic folds laterally
Interarytenoid tissues posteriorly
Leads down to the vestibule of the larynx which extends down to the vestibular folds

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9
Q

Where is the vestibule and saccule

A

Between vestibule and vocal folds is a small recess the ventricle of larynx extends upwards to the saccule of the larynx

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10
Q

What are the two vocal folds

A

True vocal cords and the rima glottidis

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11
Q

What muscle is responsible for adjusting the tension of the vocal folds

A

Vocalis muscle

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12
Q

What are the false vocal cords called

A

Vestibular folds

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13
Q

During talking what does the larynx do

A

Adduct

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14
Q

During breathing what does the larynx do

A

Abduct

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15
Q

What are the 6 extrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
Median thyrohyoid ligament
Lateral thyrohyoid ligaments
Hyo epiglottis ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Median cricothyroid ligament

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16
Q

What are the 2 intrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx

A

Cricothyroid ligament
Quadrangular membrane

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17
Q

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

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18
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilages

A

Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

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19
Q

What is the superior and inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage also known as

A

The Cornu

20
Q

What are the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage connected to

A

The hyoid bone via the lateral thyrohyoid ligament

21
Q

What are the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage do

A

Articulate with the cricoid cartilage

22
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage articulate with

A

The paired aryteniod cartilages posteriorly as well as providing an attachment for the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage

23
Q

What is the epiglottis attached to

A

The back of the anterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage

24
Q

What does the arytenoid cartilages consist of

A

An apex, base, three sides and two processes

25
Q

What does the apex of the arytenoid cartilages do

A

Articulates with the corniculate cartilage

26
Q

What does the base of the arytenoid cartilages do

A

Articulates with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage

27
Q

What is the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages

A

Provides attachment for the vocal ligament

28
Q

What is the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilages

A

Provides attachment for the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

29
Q

What do the corniculate cartilages do

A

Minor cartilaginous structures articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages

30
Q

What do the cuneiform cartilages do

A

Located within the aryepiglottic folds act to strengthen the folds

31
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic infrahyoid muscles of the larynx

A

Sternohyoid muscle
Omohyoid muscle
Sternothyroid muscle
Thyrohyoid muscle

32
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic suprahyoid muscles of the larynx

A

Stylohyoid muscle
Digastric muscle
Mylohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle

33
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the larynx act to do

A

Move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly comprised of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups and the stylopharyngeous (a muscle of the pharynx)

34
Q

When are low pitched sounds produced

A

When the folds are relaxed

35
Q

When are high pitched sounds produced

A

When the folds are taut

36
Q

What happens to the folds during puberty

A

Expansion for the larynx and elongation of the vocal folds - voice breaks

37
Q

How do the muscles move during phonation

A

Larynx produces column of air vibrating leads to sound which modifies during passage through the upper airway
Air is forces past vocal folds that are closed from a slit like glottis
The arytenoids are medically rotated and are adducted by contraction of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

38
Q

What epithelium is the lingual mucosa lined with

A

Stratified squamous non keratinised

39
Q

What epithelium is the other half of its laryngeal surface lined by

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

40
Q

Where are seromucous glands found

A

Deep within the lamina propria of the mucosa

41
Q

What is the top of the trachea comprised of

A

Columnar Pseudostratified with cilia and goblet cells

42
Q

What is the innervation of the larynx

A

Both motor and sensory innervation via branches of the vagus nerve - recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve

43
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve provide the larynx with

A

Sensory innervation to the infraglottis and motor innervation to all the internal muscles except the cricothyroid

44
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve provide the larynx with

A

Internal branches - sensory innervation to supraglottis
External branches - motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle

45
Q

What is the arterial supply of the larynx

A

The superior and inferior laryngeal arteries which are branches of the thyroid arteries

46
Q

How is the larynx drained

A

By corresponding veins the superior and inferior laryngeal veins

47
Q

What epithelium are the vocal cords typically covered with

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

MCQ 1.3 (13 decks)

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