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MCQ 1.3 > Joints, Tendons, Ligaments > Flashcards

Joints, Tendons, Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint

A

Where two or more bones or other skeletal components are joined together

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2
Q

What is a tendon

A

A fibrous band of connective tissue that is bonded to bone and connects muscle to bone

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3
Q

What is a ligament

A

A fibrous band of connective tissue that connects bones and other connective tissues together at joints

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4
Q

What is cartilage

A

Fibrous and viscoelastic connective tissue composed of closely packed collagenous fibres in a proteoglycan rich ECM

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5
Q

What is synarthroses

A

Immovable joints

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6
Q

What is amphiarthroses

A

Slightly movable joints

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7
Q

What is diarthroses

A

Freely movable joints

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8
Q

What are 4 types of structural classifications

A

Bony fusion
Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial

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9
Q

What are fibrous joints

A

Cones connected by dense regular connective tissue
No joint cavity
Slightly immovable or not at all

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10
Q

What are 3 types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

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11
Q

What is syndesmoses

A

Bones connected by ligaments only
Amount of movement depends on length of the fibres
Means ‘with band’

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12
Q

What is gomphoses

A

Ligament is a short periodontal ligament
Almost a peg in a socket

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13
Q

What are 2 types of cartilagenous joints

A

Synchondroses
Sympheses

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14
Q

What are cartilagenous joints

A

Articulating bones united by cartilage
No joint cavity
Slightly movable

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15
Q

What is synchondroses

A

Hyaline cartilage unites the bones
Immovable
‘Junction of cartilage’

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16
Q

What are 2 examples of synchondroses

A

Epiphyseal plates
Joint between first ribs costal cartilage and manubrium of the sternum

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17
Q

What are 2 examples of sympheses

A

Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis of the pelvis

18
Q

What is sympheses

A

‘Growing together’
Fibrocartilage unites the bones
Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces of bones to reduce friction
Slightly movable
Shock absorber
Strength and flexibility

19
Q

What is a synovial joint

A

Are all diarthroses - freely movable
All contain fluid filled joint cavity
Most body’s joints

20
Q

What is articular cartilage

A

Hyaline
Spongy cushions absorb compression
Protects ends of bones from being crushed

21
Q

What is the outer articular capsule

A

Fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue continuous with periosteum

22
Q

What is the inner articular capsule

A

Synovial membrane of loose connective tissue - makes synovial fluid

23
Q

What does synovial fluid contain

A

Special glycoproteins

24
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid

A

Filtrate of blood
Nourishes cartilage and slippery lubricant

25
Q

What are 3 reinforcing ligament of synovial joints

A

Capsular - thickened part of capsule
Extra capsular
Intra capsular

26
Q

Where is the extensive capillary blood vessels in synovial joints

A

Capillary beds in synovial membrane - produce the blood filtrate

27
Q

Where are 3 places you would find elastic cartilage

A

Epiglottis
Larynx
Pinna

28
Q

Where are 2 places you would find fibrous cartilage

A

Pubic symphesis
Intervertebral discs

29
Q

What cell types do cartilage contain

A

Very hydrated ECM containing chondrocytes and unique organic matrix of proteoglycan and collagen fibres
Avascular and not innervated

30
Q

What does the superior border of the TMJ capsule wrap around

A

The articular eminence and fossa

31
Q

What does the inferior border of the TMJ capsule wrap around

A

The condyle - neck

32
Q

What are the 3 places where the TMJ disc attaches to

A

Mandibular condyle
Temporal bone - anterior not direct attachment
Temporal bone - posterior divides into 2

33
Q

Posteriorly of the TMJ disc what does the upper division attach to

A

Post glenoid process

34
Q

Posteriorly of the TMJ disc what does the lower division attach to

A

Condylar neck

35
Q

What are the 3 major ligament of the TMJ

A

Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
TMJ ligament - lateral ligament

36
Q

What is the stylomandibular ligament

A

Styloid process to the angle of the mandible
Tightens with protrusion

37
Q

What is the TMJ ligament - lateral ligament

A

Reinforces the inferior portion of the capsule
Prevents excessive retraction of mandible
Runs from tubercle of the zygomatic process to neck of mandible

38
Q

What is the sphenomandibular ligament

A

Not part of TMJ
Runs from spine of sphenoid to ramus of mandible - lingula of mandibular foramen
Tightens with protraction of mandible
Landmark for local anesthesia

39
Q

Does cartilage have a nerve supply

A

No

40
Q

If there was no synovial fluid what would wear away first

A

Cartilage then bone on bone and you wont feel the cartilage wearing away because they do not have a nerve supply

MCQ 1.3 (13 decks)

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