Attachment - animal studies Flashcards

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1
Q

what did Lorenz research

A
  • 1952 observed imprinting
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2
Q

what was Lorenz’s study

A
  • randomly divided a clutch of goose eggs
  • half hatched with mother
  • half hatched in an incubator where the first moving object thy saw was Lorenz
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3
Q

what did Lorenz find

A
  • incubator group followed Lorenz everywhere
  • control group followed the mother
  • ## even when mixed up they followed their group
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4
Q

what is imprinting

A
  • bird species that are mobile from birth attach to and follow the first moving object that they see
  • identified a critical period - can be a few hours after birth
  • if imprinting didn’t occur in the critical period found that chicks didn’t attach themselves to a mother figure
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5
Q

what is sexual imprinting and how did Lorenz research it

A
  • peacock reared in the reptile house
  • first moving object it saw was a giant tortoise
  • as an adult the peacock displayed courtship behaviour to the tortoise
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6
Q

what did Harlow research

A
  • 1958
  • reared 16 baby rehsus monkeys with two wire model mothers
  • in one condition milk was dispensed by the plan wire mother
  • second condition milk dispensed by cloth covered mother
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7
Q

what did Harlow find

A
  • baby monkeys cuddled cloth mother in preference
  • sought comfort from cloth mother when frightened regardless of which mother dispensed milk
  • contact comfort was more important than food
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8
Q

what did Harlow find about the monkeys in adulthood

A
  • followed monkeys who had been deprived of a real mother
  • monkeys reared with wire model were most dysfunctional
  • even those reared with cloth mother didn’t develop normal social behaviour
  • more aggressive, less sociable, bred less
  • when they became mothers they neglected their young, attacked children
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9
Q

what is the research support for Lorenz’s research

A

Regolin and Vallortigara (1995)
- exposed chicks to simple shape combinations that moved
- range of combinations then shown
- followed the original more closely
- young animals born with an innate mechanism to imprint on a moving object

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10
Q

what are the limitations of Lorenz’s research

A
  • cannot generalise findings from birds to humans
  • mammalian attachment system is a two-way process - young and mothers must be attached
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11
Q

what is the strength of Harlow’s research

A
  • real world applications
  • helped social workers and clinical psychologists understand that a lack of bonding experience may be a risk factor in childhood development
  • can intervene and prevent poor outcomes
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12
Q

what is the limitation of Harlow’s research

A
  • difficult to generalise to humans
  • monkeys are more similar to humans than ducks
  • human brain and human behaviour is still more complex
  • severe ethical issues on the monkeys
  • has helped us understand maternal deprivation
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