Apoptosis Flashcards
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
T or F: Apoptosis is needed for an organism’s growth and development.
True
What is the result of non-active BmpRs in the embryonic hind limbs of chickens?
Reduces interdigital apoptosis and results in webbed feet
How do plants generate the fenestrated leaves of the Madagascar lace plant?
Using Apoptosis
What are the five stages of apoptosis?
- Shrinkage of cell
- Blebbing of plasma membrane
- Fragmentation of DNA and nucleus
- Loss of attachment to other cells
- Engulfment by phagocytosis
What initiates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?
Intracellular stimuli
What is the first stage in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?
“killer” proteins assemble on the outer mitochondrial membrane and create pores that leak cytochrome c
What is one of the most common “killer” protein that initiated apoptosis?
Bax
What does cytochrome c assemble in the cytoplasm by combining cytoplasmic factors and procaspase 9?
An apoptosome
What does an apoptosome do to contribute to apoptosis?
It activates executioner caspases and proteases
What are four things activated executioner caspases and proteases do to a cell?
- Disrupt cell adhesion
- Destroy lamins (nuclear filaments)
- Breakdown cytoskeleton
- Activate DNase
What does DNase do during apoptosis?
Cleaves DNA into pieces and breaks down the cytoskeleton
T or F: Only too much apoptosis can lead to diseases, too little apoptosis has no effect on an organism.
False. Various diseases are directly associated with too much OR not enough apoptosis
What is an example of a disease caused by too much apoptosis?
Degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
What is an example of a disease caused by too little apoptosis?
Cancer
