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Finals > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What sign is shown here?

A

Leser Treslat is where there is multiple eruptions of seborrhaic dermatoses which is a sign of GI adenocarcinomas or genitourinary cancers

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2
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans?

A

Darkened skin linked to obesity/ diabetes and may be associated with GI adenocarcinomas

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3
Q

What are the different terms to describe skin lesions?

A

Macule <0.5cm
Patch >0.5cm

Vesicle <0.5cm, blister or bulla >10cm

Papule <0.5cm or nodule >0.5cm solid

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4
Q

What is Koebner’s phenomenon?

A

The Koebner phenomenon describes skin lesions which appear at the site of injury.

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5
Q

What is Nikolsky’s sign?

A

The sign is present when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the outermost layer

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6
Q

What is Auspitz sign?

A

Auspitz’s sign is the appearance of punctate bleeding spots when psoriasis scales are scraped off

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7
Q

How is a skin exam carried out?

A

Distribution
General inspection
Shape
Colour
Configuration
Elevation
Palpation
Secondary lesions
Systemic exam

Dont Go Shoving Crappy Crap Everyone Please Stop Shitting

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8
Q

What are the types of melanocytic naevi?

A

Junctional
Compound
Intradermal

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9
Q

What are the types of melanoma?

A
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10
Q

What are the types of skin cancer?

A
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11
Q

Compare and contrast squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma

A
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12
Q

What are the triggers for psoriasis?

A

Stress, infection, skin trauma, drugs, alcohol, smoking, obesity, and climate

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13
Q

What are some types of psoriasis?

A
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14
Q

What is the DLQI?

A

DERMATOLOGY LIFE QUALITY INDEX (DLQI)

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15
Q

How can the severity of psoriasis be tested?

A

Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the most widely used tool for the measurement of severity of psoriasis

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16
Q

How is psoriasis treated?

A

Vitamin D analogue + steroids
Phototherapy
Non biological therapy: methotrexate, ciclosporin, acitrenin
Biological adalimumab and ustekinumab

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17
Q

What is shown here?

A

Guttate psoriasis

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18
Q

What is shown here?

A

Pityraisis rosacea

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19
Q

What is pityriasis rosacea?

A

. Chiefly, an association has been found between pityriasis rosea and human herpesvirus (HHV), in particular, HHV-6 and HHV-7.

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20
Q

What are some treatments for eczema?

A

Emollient (3-4 times a day) like QV cream
Soap substitutes like dermol
Corticosteroids
Tacromilus
Dapilimumab
Antihistamines
Avoid irritants

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21
Q

What are the different corticosteroids from least potent to most potent?

A

Hydrocortisone
Eumovate
Betnovate
Dermovate

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22
Q

How should steroids be applied?

A

1 FTU (5mm) = 2 palm surfaces

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23
Q

How is impetigo treated?

A
24
Q

How is non-bullous impetigo treated?

A

Consider offering hydrogen peroxide 1% cream (to be applied two to three times daily for 5 days).
If hydrogen peroxide 1% cream is unsuitable, offer topical fusidic acid 2% (to be applied three times daily for 5 days).
If fusidic acid resistance is suspected or confirmed, offer topical mupirocin 2% (to be applied three times daily for 5 days).

25
Q

When is hydrogen peroxide not appropriated?

A

Around the eyes

26
Q

When is fuscidic acid used?

A

Bullous impetigo

27
Q

How is cellulitis treated?

A

Flucloxacillin

28
Q

What is a complication of herpes zoster?

A

Post-herpetic neuralgia, meningitis, encephalitis

29
Q

What are the features of lichen planus?

A

Purple, pruitic, poly-angular, planar, papules and Wickham’s striae

30
Q

What is the commonest cause of prophyria?

A

Poprhyria cutanea tarda

31
Q

How is venous ulcers treated?

A

ABPI to rule out arterial ulcers
Pentoxifylline
Leg raise
Leg compressions
Calf exercises
Good nutrition
Skin care

32
Q

How are pressure uicers managed|?

A

Management of people with a pressure ulcer, in addition to the above, includes:
Offering a nutritional risk assessment.
Considering the need for pressure redistributing devices. Mattresses
Debriding the wound if indicated.
Prescribing systemic antibiotics if indicated. The choice of antibiotic should be discussed with microbiology specialists.
Recommending appropriate wound dressings.

33
Q

What is prodromal for guttate psoriasis?

A

Guttate psoriasis is more common in children and adolescents. It may be precipitated by a streptococcal infection 2-4 weeks prior to the lesions appearing.

34
Q

What are the treatments for psoriasis?

A

For people with mild to moderate acne: CKS
a 12-week course of topical combination therapy should be tried first-line:
a fixed combination of topical adapalene with topical benzoyl peroxide
a fixed combination of topical tretinoin with topical clindamycin
a fixed combination of topical benzoyl peroxide with topical clindamycin
topical benzoyl peroxide may be used as monotherapy if these options are contraindicated or the person wishes to avoid using a topical retinoid or an antibiotic

For people with moderate to severe acne: CKS
a 12-week course of one of the following options:
a fixed combination of topical adapalene with topical benzoyl peroxide
a fixed combination of topical tretinoin with topical clindamycin
a fixed combination of topical adapalene with topical benzoyl peroxide + either oral lymecycline or oral doxycycline
a topical azelaic acid + either oral lymecycline or oral doxycycline

Consider a combined oral contraceptive pill (in combination with a topical agent) for women who have moderate-severe acne

35
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss in small, round patches on the scalp. The fact that the skin looks normal and there are short broken hairs at the edges of the patches supports this diagnosis. Additionally, alopecia areata can be triggered by stress or hormonal changes, such as those experienced after childbirth.

36
Q

What is alopecia effluvium?

A

is a temporary form of hair loss caused by a disruption in the normal hair growth cycle. It can occur after significant stress or hormonal changes (such as childbirth) but presents with diffuse thinning rather than patchy hair loss as seen in this case.

37
Q

What can burns do to blood protein?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia refers to a low level of albumin in the blood. In the context of burns, it is commonly seen due to loss of plasma proteins including albumin from the burn wound and reduced synthesis due to liver dysfunction. Albumin is vital for maintaining oncotic pressure within the vascular system. If levels fall, fluid will leak into the interstitial space causing oedema, which is likely the cause of lower leg swelling in this patient.

38
Q

What is a dermatofibroma?

A

These are fibrous solitary, slow-growing papules caused by abnormal growth of dermal dendritic histiocyte cells. As seen in the picture they are raised and normal brown in colour. Although they can be itchy they are rarely painful and are associated with ‘dimple sign’, where applying lateral pressure produces a central depression. They can occur anywhere but are commonly seen on the arms and leg as they are often precipitated by an injury such as an insect bite (as with this patient) or a thorn prick.

38
Q

T or F, Co-cyprindiol (Dianette) may be a useful treatment for patients with moderate-severe hirsutism.

A

True

38
Q

What is first line in scalp psoriasis?

A

Scalp psoriasis - first-line treatment is topical potent corticosteroids

39
Q

What is shown here?

A

Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

40
Q

How is a full thickness burn treated?

A
41
Q

How is athlete’s foot treated?

A

Topical miconazole

42
Q

How is psoariasis treated?

A

Topical potent corticosteroid + vitamin D analogue is first-line for chronic plaque psoriasis

43
Q

What is the treatment for varrucas?

A

topical salicylic acid (15-50%) applied daily for up to 12 weeks can be tried.

44
Q

Who is most likely to get keloid scars?

A

Black males

45
Q

What are some features of zinc deficiency?

A

Dermatitis in acral, peri-orificial and perianal distribution → ?zinc deficiency

46
Q

What is first line for lichen planus?

A

Potent topical steroids are the first-line treatment for lichen planus

47
Q

What are the causes of erythema nododsum?

A

NO - idiopathic
D - drugs (penicillin sulphonamides)
O - oral contraceptive/pregnancy
S - sarcoidosis/TB
U - ulcerative colitis/Crohn’s disease/Behçet’s disease
M - microbiology (streptococcus, mycoplasma, EBV and more)

48
Q

How is eczema herpeticum managed?

A

Eczema herpeticum is a serious condition that requires IV antivirals

49
Q

What melanoma metastasises early?

A

Nodular melanoma: Invade aggressively and metastasise early

50
Q

T or F, seborrhaic dermatitis crosses the nasolabial folds?

A

T

51
Q

What is HHT?

A

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. This condition, also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is a genetic disorder characterised by abnormal blood vessel formation in the skin, mucous membranes, and often in organs such as the lungs, liver, and brain. The erythematous lesions seen on the skin of this patient are likely telangiectasias - small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin. Recurrent nosebleeds (epistaxis) and iron deficiency anaemia due to chronic bleeding are common manifestations of this condition.

52
Q

What is a Curling’s ulcer?

A

Stress ulcers may occur in the duodenum of burns patients and are more common in children.

53
Q

Compare Cushing and Curlings ulcer?

A
54
Q

How is compartment syndrome linked to burns?

A

Circumferential burns may constrict the limb and cause a compartment syndrome to develop. Eshcarotomy is required, and compartmental decompression.

Finals (24 decks)

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