Age-Related Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Types of bone cells (controlled by __________)

A

Hormones

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2
Q

Growth plates have lots of bone cells but ________________ which allows for the bones to continue to grow (but more prone to injury)

A

less mineralization

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3
Q

________________ : build new bone

A

Osteoblasts

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4
Q

Long bones grow mainly from a specific area:

A

Epiphyseal growth plates

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5
Q

Physical activity stimulates bone remodeling: ________& _________

A

Width, Density

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6
Q

Some kids will get stronger faster/earlier than others
– 10-fold increase in __________ levels in boys from childhood to adolescence

A

testosterone

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7
Q

__________ increases fat deposition & ____________ dictates location

A

Estrogen, Lipoprotein lipase

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8
Q

Kids will fatigue quickly when pushed _____________

A

Anaerobically

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9
Q
  • ___________
    – Bone removal is exceeding bone synthesis
A

Osteopenia

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10
Q

Briefly explain why children (in relative terms) sweat less than adults.

A

Kids rely way more non radiation and convection apposed to evaporation. Less muscle mass = less body water = less sweat because less evaporation and cooling is required.

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11
Q

Briefly explain why we lose height as we get older.

A

We lose height when we get older due to a few factors:
- Dehydration of vertebral discs
- Osteoporosis
- Spinal misallingment
common themes: adaptations overtime –> poor posture, weaker and more condensed bone structures

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12
Q

Identify and explain three muscle groups you would focus on when developing a strength program for an elderly individual.

A
  1. Postural muscles
    - help with bone health
    - ex. spinal vertebrae, back muscles.
  2. Strengthen ankle muscles
  3. Lower body –> help stabilize body(limit knee problems, hip breaks from falls)

Note** Low impact aerobic exercise (explain with example)
* Reduce adipose tissue but mindful of arthritis and osteoporosis

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13
Q

Explain three valuable exercise recommendations you could give to a personal trainer who is working with an elderly client.

A
  • balance and stability training
  • Low impact aerobic exercise (explain with example)
  • Reduce adipose tissue but mindful of arthritis and osteoporosis
    –> ex. light walking
  • segmented workouts(being mindful of thermoregulation and fatigue)
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14
Q

Explain three changes that ‘typically’ occur with aging that may negatively effect activities of daily living.

A
  1. Lose height
    - osteoporosis
    - spinal misallingment
  2. Increase in adipose tissue
    - decreased metabolic rate –> burn fewer calories(less easy)
    - so, physical fitness becomes more important
  3. Muscle
    - lose FT fibers
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15
Q

Long Answer
1. Children and adolescents develop at different times/rates. List and explain a specific a) hormonal, b) neurological, c) cardiovascular and d) musculoskeletal factor that may cause one adolescent to improve faster than another in an athletic/sport performance?

A
  1. Musculoskeletal
    - Some kids (boys or girls) will grow taller faster or earlier than others
    - Elevated GH
    - Height is Due to Early Accelerated Bone Development

Muscle (Strength)
- Some kids will get stronger faster/earlier than others
– 10-fold increase in testosterone levels in boys from childhood to adolescence

  1. Hormonal

Adipose Tissue
* Girls will begin to store more body fat then boys
– Estrogen increases fat deposition
– Lipoprotein lipase dictates location

  1. Cardiovascular
    * Maximum heart rate
    – Kids have higher max heart rates
    * Smaller chambers can fill quickly
    * Smaller stroke volume (SV) – Less myocardium
    – Lower testosterone
    * Higher a-vO2 difference
    – Naturally high capillary to muscle ratio (Why?)
    – Low glycogen stores
    * Fatigue quickly when pushed anaerobically
    ** some kids genetics and physical activity Cavan have them mow advance for their age.
  2. Neurological
    Myelination of neurons continues into adolescence
    – In the brain and in nerves throughout body
    – Kids who complete myelination before others could be because of genetics or physical activity levels
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