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NEUROLOGY > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus…. 3rd ventricle

A

Surrounds

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

Name each part of the diencephalon

A
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4
Q

Rostral limit hypothalamus

A

Lamina Terminalis

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5
Q

Caudal limit of the hypothalamus

A

Midbrain (no clear limit)

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6
Q

Dorsal limit of the hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

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7
Q

Ventral limit hypothalamus

A

Cranial base

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8
Q

Medial limit hypothalamus

A

3rd ventricle

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9
Q

Lateral limits hypothalamus

A

Substantia innominata and posterior limb of the internal capsule

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10
Q

Name the regions of the hypothalamus

A
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11
Q

Name the parts of the hypothalamus

A
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12
Q
A
  1. Periventrocular zone
  2. Lateral hypothalamic area
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13
Q

In the lateral hypothalamic area, we find…

A

Fibers: medial prosencephalic bundle
Disperse neurons: orexin neurons, lateral hypothalamic nerve, tuberal nerve

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14
Q

Medial hypothalamus regions

A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

VISCERAL AFFERENTS (VEGETATIVE SYSTEM) THAT PROJECT INTO THE HYPOTHALAMUS COME FROM…

A

NTS, PARABRACHIAL NUCLEUS, PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY MATTER

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20
Q

VISCERAL EFFERENTS FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS SEND PROJECTIONS TO …

A

Dorsal motor nucleus (vagus nerve and nucleus ambiguus)

21
Q

Hippocampal afferences and efferences are related to

A

Memory

22
Q

Lambic afferences and efferences are related to…

A

Emotions

23
Q

Hippocampal afferences and efferences pass through the… before reaching the cortex

A

Anterior thalamic nucleus

24
Q

Limbic afferences and efferences pass trough the … before reaching the cortex

A

Dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

25
Q

Scheme of vegetative system hypothalamus

A
26
Q

Hippocampal system (hypothalamus) scheme

A
27
Q

Limbic system scheme (hypothalamus)

A
28
Q

Can emotions influence the vegetative system?

A

Yes they can, that is why we can sometimes be hungry when being anxious or viceversa.

29
Q

Name the functions of the hypothalamus

A

Hormonal control, biological rhythms (sleep, etc), control pf the vegetative system (feeding and water intake, termorregulation), emotional reactions, memory…

30
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL HYPOTHALAMUS
-… nucleus and … nucleus directly produce ADH
- … (several) nucleus induce factors that make veins release hormones.

A
  • supraoptic, paraventricular
  • medial preoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus
31
Q

Name a part of the hypothalamus involved in sleep (CIRCADIAN RYTHMS)

A

SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS

32
Q

Pupillary dilation is controlled by the … system

A

Sympathetic

33
Q

Sweating is controlled by the … system

A

Sympathetic

34
Q

Inhibition of gastrointestinal motility, Urine retention and ejaculation is controlled by the … system

A

Sympathetic

35
Q

Stimulation of respirarory motility and stimulation of gastrointestinal motility is controlled by the … system

A

Parasympathetic

36
Q

Contraction of bladder detrusor and erection are controlled by the … system

A

Parasympathetic

37
Q

GABA (which induces sleep) is produced in the…

A

Anterior HP (preoptic)

38
Q

Histamine is produced in the …

A

Posterior HT (tuberal-lateral area)

39
Q

Orexins (sleep) are produced in the….

A

Lateral area HT (isolated)

40
Q

Feeding is controlled by the … part of the HT, which is related to saciety

A

VENTROMEDIAL

41
Q

A person who is constantly hungry might have a lesion in the … part of the HT

A

ventromedial

42
Q

Feeding is controlled by the … part of the HT, which is related to hunger

A

LATERAL

43
Q

Supraoptic and paraventricular parts of the HT produce… hormone

A

ADH

44
Q

Emotional reactions are controlled by the … part of the HT

A

Dorsomedial

45
Q

Thermoregulation is controlled by the… part of the HT

A

Anterior and posterior

46
Q

Memory is controlled by the … of the HT

A

Mamillary

47
Q

The … part of the HT controls the sympathetic autonomic regulation

A

Caudo-lateral

48
Q

The … part of the HT controls the parasympathetic autonomic regulation

A

Rostro-medial

49
Q
A

Tumour in the hypothalamus

NEUROLOGY (27 decks)

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