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NEUROLOGY > Somatosensory System > Flashcards

Somatosensory System Flashcards

1
Q

Somatosensory system includes… sensation

A
  • Proprioceptive
    ● Positional
    ● Vibratory
    ● Fine touch (epicritic) (leer braille)
    ● Spatial discrimination (saber si nos están tocando)
    ● Crude touch (protopathic) (algo que me aplasta el brazo)
    ● Temperature (hot and cold)
    ● Pain
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2
Q

Receptors in somatosensory system

A

Propioceptors and mechanoreceptors

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3
Q

Anterolateral system detects…

A
  • Temperature: cold and heat (termorreceptores)
  • Pain: Fast (Aδ) Slow (C)
  • Crude touch (protopathic)
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4
Q

Clasification of sensory fibers based on their diameter and conduction velocity

A
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5
Q

Fibras finas

A

Fibras de tipo C

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6
Q

Fibras gruesas y rápidas (mielinizadas)

A

I y II

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7
Q

Lloyd no hizo clasificación de fibras…

A

Sensitivas

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8
Q

Slow
Fast
Fatigue-resistant and Non fatigue-resistant fibers

A

Extrafusal muscle fibers: conventional muscle fibers, the ones that make the force

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9
Q

(Nuclear chain, Nuclear bag fibers) They are in charge of proprioception in muscles and they house the neuromuscular spindles (composed of a muscle fiber and a sensory fiber surrounding it).

A

Intrafusal muscle fibers

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10
Q

…. neurons allow the perception of muscle stretch during muscle contraction, adjusting the spindles

A

Gamma motor: neurona que contrae fibras instrafusales.
(Pero solo se activan con orden voluntaria, en caso de ser un reflejo tan solo se activan las alfa)

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11
Q

SKIN RECEPTORS (SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM)
The receptor is the ….of the dendrite of dorsal root ganglion neurons

A

Terminal process

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12
Q

Los mecanoreceptores más abundantes en las manos son…

A

Los correspondientes a la presión principalmente: MEISSNER

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13
Q

Cuanto más profundo el receptor…

A

Más amplio el campo, menos receptores hay (como en el caso de los Ruffini=estiramiento, o Pacini=vibracion )

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14
Q

SENSORY FIBERS CLASSIFICATION (GASSER AND LLOYD)
Which type of fibers are in charge of proprioception?

A

Aalpha/I

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15
Q

SENSORY FIBERS CLASSIFICATION (GASSER AND LLOYD)
Which type of fibers have the highest myelinization and are the fastest ones?

A

Aalpha/I

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16
Q

SENSORY FIBERS CLASSIFICATION (GASSER AND LLOYD)
Which type of fibers are in charge of touch, pressure and vibration?

A

Abeta/II

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17
Q

SENSORY FIBERS CLASSIFICATION (GASSER AND LLOYD)
Which kind of fibers are in charge of touch, heat and cold?

A

Adelta/ III

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18
Q

SENSORY FIBERS CLASSIFICATION (GASSER AND LLOYD)
Which kind of fibers are in charge of heat and pain?

A

C and IV

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19
Q

SENSORY FIBERS CLASSIFICATION (GASSER AND LLOYD)
Which kind of fibers are unmyelinated and are the slowest ones?

A

C / IV

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20
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR FIBERS
Fastest somatic afferents

A

Aalpha

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21
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR FIBERS
Slowest somatic efferents

A

Agamma

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22
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR FIBERS
Preganglionic, little myelin and fastest in ANS

A

B fibers

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23
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR FIBERS
Postganglionic, no myelin, slower in ANS

A

C fibers

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24
Q

SENSORY FIBERS (GASSER AND LLOYD) and MOTOR FIBERS CLASSIFICATION (SCHEME)

A
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25
Q

PROPRIOCEPTION: Neuromuscular spindles

Neuromuscular spindles are composed of…

A

A muscle fiber and a sensory fiber surrounding it

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26
Q

PROPRIOCEPTION: Neuromuscular spindles

Nuclear bag intrafusal fibers are usually surrounded by…

A

ANNULOSPIRAL ENDINGS, which travel with type Ia fibers

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27
Q

PROPRIOCEPTION: Neuromuscular spindles

Nuclear chain intrafusal fibers are usually surrounded by…

A

Flower spray endings, which travel with type II fibers

28
Q

How do neuromuscular spindles work?

A

The muscle feels stretch, it becomes thinner, nerve endings surrounding them get stretched, mechanoreceptors are activated and a motor fiber is activated to generate a reflex + other fibers go to cortex to make it conscious.

29
Q

Why are nerve terminals surrounding muscle fibers in the neuromuscular spindles?

A

They let us know when the muscle is being contracted INVOLUNTARILY (from its resting position). It detects stretching.
As when we contract the muscle voluntarily, the fibers do not become thinner: contraction is detected, but it does not involve stretching.

30
Q

ANNULOSPIRAL terminale and type Ia fibers detect…

A

Speed of stretch

31
Q

Flower spray terminals and type II fibers detect…

A

Degree of stretch

32
Q

Extrafusal muscle fibers are innervated by..

A

A-alpha fibers

33
Q

Intrafusal muscle fibers are innervated by…

A

A-gamma fibers

34
Q

NEUROMUSCULAR SPINDLES

A
35
Q

NEUROMUSCULAR SPINDLES

A
36
Q

Difference between stretch and tension

A

Tension does not involve a change in length, stretch does.

37
Q

With Golgi tendon we cannot detect …, it detects …

A

stretch, degree of tension

38
Q

Fibers in Golgi-tendon organs

A

Type I-beta fibers in tendons

39
Q

Functions of Golgi tendon organs

A
  • PROPRIOCEPTIVE: knowing the egress of tension
  • PROTECTIVE: an inhibitory reflex (which causes the muscles to relax) is generated when too much tension is detected. En example would be when pushing against the wall.
40
Q

Skin receptors in somatosensory system

A

Mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors, nociceptors.

41
Q

Receptive fields overlap and act as a safety mechanism. Why is this?

A

Because if we lose one neuron, we will not lose sensation in so much territory of the skin, thanks to this overlap.

42
Q

SKIN RECEPTORS
What type of resolution do we find in fingertips?

A

Higher resolution=more neurons with smaller receptive fields (this is why blind people can read braille)

43
Q

SKIN RECEPTORS
What type of resolution do we find in the back?

A

Less resolution=lower number of neurons that cover big receptive fields.

44
Q

Exclusive receptors in glabrous skin (no hair)

A

MEISSNER corpuscles

45
Q

Exclusive receptors in hairy skin

A

Hair follicle receptors

46
Q

Complete the scheme

A
47
Q
A
48
Q

A mosquito moving in an arm will be detected by … (skin receptor)

A

Hair follicles and MEISSNER skin receptors

49
Q

The shape of an object we are holding would be detected by … (skin receptors)

A

Tactile discs and Merkel’s

50
Q

Ruffini and Pacinian corpuscles have … receptive fields

A

A large: they do not require a precise discrimination.

51
Q

In Meisner / hair-follicle receptors and Merkel’s / Tactile receptors we find a … receptive field

A

Small: we need precision

52
Q

Meissner (fast pressure) and Pacinian corpuscles (vibration) are … receptors

A

Phasic

53
Q

Merkel’s / tactile discs (sustained pressure) and Ruffini’s corpuscles (stretch) are .. receptors

A

Tonic

54
Q

TYPES OF MECHANORECEPTORS
Small receptive field, fast adaptating: RA I

A

MEISSNER/ hair-follicle receptors (when we have an ant on our arm)

55
Q

TYPES OF MECHANORECEPTORS
Small receptive field, slow adaptation: SA I

A

Merkel’s / Tactile discs (when we determine the shape of an object for example)

56
Q

TYPES OF MECHANORECEPTORS
Large receptive field, fast adaptating: RA II

A

Pacinian corpuscles (for vibration)

57
Q

TYPES OF MECHANORECEPTORS
Large receptive field, slow adaptating: SA II

A

Ruffini’s corpuscles: for stretch info

58
Q

Cold receptors work from … degrees to … degrees

A

5-30/34

59
Q

Heat receptors work from … degrees to … degrees

A

32, 45

60
Q

Above … degrees, stimuli on the skin will be detected as pain.

A

45

61
Q

Thermoreceptors are both … This is the reason why in the shower, under hot water, at first it may feel very hot but after a while it feels fine.

A

Tonic and phasic

62
Q

In relation to thermoreceptors, there are specific fibers for heat and cold (T/F)

A

True

63
Q

Types of nociceptors

A
64
Q

Family of receptors for temperature and pain

A

Transient receptor potential family: present in Aδ and C fibers

65
Q

Types of thermoreceptors in Transient Receptor Potential Family

A
66
Q

Some of the TRP family can be activated by substances (T/F)

A

True

NEUROLOGY (27 decks)

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