ch. 10 terms not built from word parts

Question 1

coronary artery visualization

Answer 1

its a type of angiography that is invasive. A catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin, arm, or neck, then advanced into the coronary vessels. Next, contrast media are injected, and images are recorded. Considered the best technique for determining the percentage of blockage in the coronary arteries.

Question 2

magnetic resonance angiography

Answer 2

a noninvasive procedure that does not require catheterization and uses specialized MR imaging to study vascular structures of the body. MRA may be chosen over computed tomography angiography because there is no exposure to ionizing radiation.

Question 3

Computed tomography angiography (CTA)

Answer 3

non invasive procedure that uses a high resolution ct system to study vascular structures of the body after the injection of intravenous contrast media.

Question 4

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Answer 4

an invasive procedure in which an image is taken and stored in the computer, then contrast medium is injected. A second image is taken and stored in the computer. The computer compares the two images and subtracts the first image from the second, removing structures not being studied. DSA enables better visualization of the arteries than regular angiography.

Question 5

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Answer 5

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. Rapid assessment is necessary to determine the diagnosis and treatment and to minimize heart damage.

Question 6

Aneurysm

Answer 6

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

Question 7

angina pectoris

Answer 7

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when here is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.

Question 8

arrhythmia

Answer 8

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rythmic pattern

Question 9

cardiac arrest

Answer 9

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Question 10

cardiac tamponade

Answer 10

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

Question 11

coronary artery disease (CAD

Answer 11

condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally; most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis . CAD is a common cause of heart failure and myocardial infarction

Question 12

cor pulmonale

Answer 12

enlargement of the hearts right ventricle due to pulmonary disease

Question 13

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 13

condition of thrombus (blood clot) in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities. A Clot, or part of a clot, can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.

Question 14

in afibrillation

Answer 14

rapid, quivering, uncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles causing cardiac arrhythmia

Question 15

heart failure (HF)

Answer 15

condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen (also called congestive heart failure)

Question 16

hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

Answer 16

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure; it may be associated with hypertrophy (abnormal thickening of the heart muscle) or dilation of the chambers of the heart (due to thinning and stretching of the heart muscle)

Question 17

intermittent claudication

Answer 17

condition of pain, tension and weakness in a limb that starts when walking is begun, increases until walking is no longer possible, and then completely resolves when the patient is at rest. It is caused by reversible muscle ischemia that occurs with the peripheral artery disease.

Question 18

mitral valve stenosis

Answer 18

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

Question 19

myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 19

death of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (also called heart attack)

Question 20

peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Answer 20

disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery. This is caused most commonly by atherosclerosis, but occasionally by inflammatory diseases, emboli, or thrombus formation. The most common symptom of peripheral artery disease is intermittent claudication. (also called peripheral vascular disease [PVD])

Question 21

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 21

damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

Question 22

varicose veins

Answer 22

distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

Question 23

artificial cardiac pacemaker

Answer 23

battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm, usually one that is too slow, secondary to an abnormal sinus node.

Question 24

automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD)

Answer 24

device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm. If life-threatening arrhythmias occur, the device delivers an electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to a normal rhythm

Question 25

catheter ablation

Answer 25

procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are destroyed by using a device that heats or freezes the cells

Question 26

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Answer 26

surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to hear muscle by detouring around blocked arteries.

Question 27

doppler ultrasound

Answer 27

study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels; used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other blood flow abnormalities

Question 28

sestamibi test

Answer 28

nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery. Sestamibi, a radioactive isotope, is taken up by normal myocardial cells, but not in ischemia or infarction. These areas are identified as “cold” spots on the images produced.

Question 29

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Answer 29

nuclear medicine test that collects a series of images (projections) as a gamma camera rotates around the patient. these projections are used by a computer to generate three dimensional pictures; it also helps show the function of organs, such as coronary artery flow or active and inactive areas of the brain

Question 30

transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Answer 30

ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides more direct views of the heart structures

Question 31

cardiac catheterization

Answer 31

diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart from a blood vessel in the groin or arm to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels; used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease

Question 32

exercise stress test

Answer 32

study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill

Question 33

blood pressure (BP

Answer 33

pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls. A blood pressure measurement written as systolic pressure (120) and diastolic pressure (80) is commonly recorded as 120/80

Question 34

pulse

Answer 34

contraction of the heart, which can be felt iwth a fingertip. The pulse is most commonly felt over the radial artery in the wrist; however, the pulsation can be felt over a number of sites, including the femoral and carotid arteries

Question 35

sphygmomanometer

Answer 35

device used for measuring blood pressure