Chapter 14: Diseases and disorders not built from word parts Flashcards
ankylosing spondylitis
form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend of the spine (also called strumpell-marie arthritis or disease, or rheumatoid spondylitis)
bunion
abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe, the metatarsal-phalangeal joint. it is a common problem, often hereditary or caused by poorly fitted shoes
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve; symptoms include pain and tingling in portions of the hand and fingers
compartment syndrome
painful condition caused by increased pressure within a muscle that can lead to ischemia; acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency and is caused by severe injury
dislocation
displacement of bones in a joint from their normal alignment (also called luxation)
extosis
abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (also called spur)
fracture (fx)
broken bone
ganglion cyst
collection of jellylike fluid forming a benign mass arising from joints, most commonly appearing in the wrist, hand, and ankle
gout
disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi_ to be deposited in the joints, producing arthritis. the great toe is frequently affected
herniated disk
rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots (also called slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated intervertebral disk, or herniated nucleus pulposus)
lyme disease
infection caused by a bite from a deer tick infected with borrelia burgdorferi. This bacterium provokes and immune response in the body, the symptoms of which can mimic several musculoskeletal diseases. Patients may experience fever, headache, and joint pain. A rash (target lesion) may initially arise at the site of the tick bite.
myasthenia gravis (MG)
chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from the nerve to muscle cell. The face, larynx, and throat are frequently affected; no true paralysis of the muscles exists.
repetitive strain injury (RSI)
cumulative damage to joint, muscle, or other tissue caused by movements performed over and over again; characterized by pain, swelling, numbness, and lack of strength and flexibility, most commonly affecting the hands, wrists, elbows, and shoulders
plantar fascitis
inflammation of the connective tissue of the sole of the foot (plantar fascia) due to repetitive injury; common cause of heel pain
osteoporosis
abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists after slight trauma (occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women)