obs and. gynae physio

Question 1

what cells produce testosterone

Answer 1

Leydig cells

Question 2

The Y chromosome so males contains what gene

Answer 2

SRY

Question 3

what ducts forms male genitalia

Answer 3

Mesonephric (wolffian)

Question 4

what gender has anti Mullerain hormone that degenerates the paramesonephric ducts

Answer 4

males

Question 5

what ducts allow for the development of female genitals

Answer 5

paramesonephric

Question 6

what leads to a bicornate uterus

Answer 6

fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

Question 7

what cells form the blood testis barrier

Answer 7

sertoli cells

Question 8

when sperm enter the female they undergo what

Answer 8

capacitation - removal of cholesterol and glycoproteins from the head of th esperm to allow it to bind to the zonal pellucida of the egg cell

Question 9

what connective tissue cells can respond to LH and can secrete andorgens under its influence

Answer 9

theca folliculi

Question 10

what cells form the zona pellucida

Answer 10

granulosa cells

Question 11

consider follicles as secondary when

Answer 11

they have antrum (fluid filled space)

Question 12

what stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone

Answer 12

Lh

Question 13

what drives sperm production in sertoli cells

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

in females LH binds to what cells and that produces androgens

Answer 14

theca cells

Question 15

in females FSH binds to what cells

Answer 15

granulosa cells - increase activins and inhibins (have positive and negatvie feedback on the pituitary)

Question 16

when is the only time oestrogen positively feedback on LH and FSh

Answer 16

if there is high oestrogen levels

Question 17

progesterone is released by what in females

Answer 17

corpus luteum

Question 18

what has an inhibitory effect on LH and FSH

Answer 18

progesteroen

Question 19

rise in LH causes what

Answer 19

increase in progesteron in females and increase in testosterone in males

Question 20

rise in FSH causes what

Answer 20

increase in oestrogen synthesis and oogenesis in females and onset of sperm production in males

Question 21

most common condition of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism in males is

Answer 21

Klinefelters

Question 22

body temperature increases in what phase

Answer 22

luteal

Question 23

there is a peak of wha tin luteal phase

Answer 23

progesterone

Question 24

dysmenorrhoea refers to

Answer 24

painful periods

Question 25

menopause characterised by reduction of

Answer 25

circualting oestrogen

Question 26

although oestrogen decreases in menopause what increase significntly

Answer 26

levels of FSH and LH

Question 27

what protects bone mass

Answer 27

oestrogen

Question 28

oestrogen is protective against what

Answer 28

heart disease

Question 29

when is classed as early menopause

Answer 29

between 40-45

Question 30

pre eclampsia is due to failed or incomplete differentiation of what cells

Answer 30

cytotrophoblastic cells

Question 31

umbillical vein and arteroes are opposite ie

Answer 31

umbillical vein delivers oxygenated blood and umbillical arteries are used to transport deoxygenated blood

Question 32

ductus arteriosis bypasses the

Answer 32

lungs

Question 33

ductus venosus bypasses the

Answer 33

liver

Question 34

patent ductus arteriosus has a

Answer 34

continous machinery murmur

Question 35

widely split second heart sounds

Answer 35

patent foramen ovale

Question 36

acrosomal reaction involbes

Answer 36

release of enzymes that digest the zona pellucida

Question 38

what is it called when the zona pellucida is digested and the sperm fuses with the cell membrane of the oocyet. this causes icnrease in calcium levels

Answer 38

cortical reaction

Question 39

what is responsble for iniitaing uterine contractions

Answer 39

oxytocin

Question 40

what T3 and T4 levels rise in pregnancy

Answer 40

total

Question 41

what leads to a decrease in blood pressure in the first and second trimester of pregnancy

Answer 41

progesterone