Skeletal system

Question 1

what are the function of bones

Answer 1

• Stabilise and support the entire body
• Protect the internal tissues and organs
• Provide a surface for the attachment of muscles and ligaments
  -Permit movement of the body by forming joints that are move muscles

Question 2

What are the types of Bones

Answer 2

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesmoid bones

Question 3

What are long bones

Answer 3

have greater length than the width acts as levers that are pulled by muscles e.g femur,tibia

Question 4

What are short bones

Answer 4

equal length, width and thickness.only limited movement is required, such as carpal bones in the wrists and tarsal bones in the ankles

Question 5

what are flat bones

Answer 5

bones are thin and are more curved than flat protect the soft tissues and afford extensive areas for muscle attachment e.g cranial bones,scapula an d ribs

Question 6

What are irregular bones

Answer 6

have complex shapes that cannot fit neatly into any other category e.g vertebrae,mandible

Question 7

What is sesamoid bone

Answer 7

are small bones and are embedded within certain tendons where there is considerable friction tension and physical stress e.g palms,soles of feet

Question 8

What is the structure of a long bone

Answer 8

have a tubular central shaft called diaphysis - that extends outwards at the end and these are called epiphysis

Question 9

What is the diaphysis

Answer 9

a hollow cylinder surrounding the medullary cavity which is filled with yellow bone marrow. This is mostly fat.

Question 10

What is epiphysis

Answer 10

epiphysis is covered in a cartilage where the epiphysis of adjacent bones meet.

Question 11

What is metaphysis

Answer 11

is the area where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis

Question 12

What are the two types of bone tissues

Answer 12

Compact tissues and spongy bone tissues

Question 13

What is compact bone tissues

Answer 13

the harder and outer tissues of bones,It forms the outer layer of all bones and constitutes the bulk of the diaphysis of long bones

Question 14

What is Haversian systems

Answer 14

Bones consist of numerous longitudinal central canals known as Haversian canals or osteonic canals. These microscopic tubes contain nerve fibers and a small number of capillaries, enabling bones to receive oxygen and nutrients without being overly vascular.

Question 15

What is Volkmann’s canals

Answer 15

Haversian canals have branches perpendicular to them called perforating canals or Volkmann’s canals. These canals extend the nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels to the periosteum and inward to the endosteum.

Question 16

What is periosteum

Answer 16

The outer layer of all bones is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue that envelops bones. It plays a crucial role in supplying blood to bone cells and supporting the growth and repair of bones.

Question 17

What is endostenum

Answer 17

is the inner most layer of all bones that lines the centre of compact bone and the medullary cavity

Question 18

What is the lamellae

Answer 18

are concentric rings that surround the Haversian canals. These contain little spaces called lacunae where bone cells (osteocytes) are located.

Question 19

What is lucunae

Answer 19

The bone cells in our body connect with each other and with the central canal through small channels known as canaliculi. These canaliculi play a crucial role in supplying necessary nutrients to the bone cells, removing waste materials from them, and facilitating communication between the bone cells.

Question 20

What is spongy bone tissues

Answer 20

This layer of bone is known as spongy bone, which is light and porous in nature. It is typically found at the end of long bones, ribs, hip bones, sternum, and vertebrae. The spongy bone that is located in the epiphysis is filled with red bone marrow, whereas the yellow bone marrow is found in the diaphysis. It is important to note that red bone marrow is responsible for creating blood cells.

Question 21

What is trabeculae

Answer 21

arranged in needle like threads of bones

Question 22

What is the axial skeleton

Answer 22

This consists of 80 bones of the head and trunk of the body including the , hyoid bone, chest and spine

Question 23

What is appendicular skeleton

Answer 23

of 126 bones of the upper and lower extremities.

Question 24

What is the skull composed of cranial bones

Answer 24

Occipital
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Parietal (pair)
Temporal (pair)

Question 25

What are the facial bones

Answer 25

Mandible
Vomer
Maxilla (pair)
Zygomatic (pair)
Nasal (pair)
Lacrimal (pair)
Palatine (pair)
Inferior nasal conchae (pair)

Question 26

What is the spine

Answer 26

The spine, also known as the vertebral column or backbone, is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae. The spinal cord is enclosed and protected by this column, which also supports the head and provides attachment points for the ribs, pelvic girdle, and back muscles

Question 27

What does the vertebral consists of

Answer 27

The cervical region – 7 vertebrae
The thoracic region – 12 vertebrae
The lumbar region – 5 vertebrae
The sacral region – one bone composed of five fused sacral vertebrae
The coccygeal region – one bone composed of five fused coccygeal vertebrae