Emotions

Question 1

6 universal emotions.
Coined by Paul Ekman, these emotions demonstrate consistent facial expressions across cultures.

Answer 1

They include fear, anger, happiness, disgust, surprise, sadness
Mnemonic: FAHDSS

Question 2

Experience of emotion is due to perception of physiological responses

Event → physiologic response (PR) → interpretation of PR → emotion

Answer 2

James-Lange theory

Question 3

Emotion and physiologic response occur simultaneously and independently

Event → physiologic response + emotion

Answer 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 4

Physiologic and cognitive responses occur simultaneously from experience of emotion

Event → physiologic response + identify reason for situation → emotion

Answer 4

Schachter-Singer theory

Also known as the two-factor theory of emotion

Question 5

Experience of emotion depends on how the situation is cognitively appraised (labeled as positive or negative)

Event → label the event (appraisal) → emotion + PR based on appraisal

Answer 5

Lazarus theory

Question 6

A group of structures in the brain that play a critical role in regulating emotion

Answer 6

Limbic system

Question 7

Structures of the limbic system

Answer 7

Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Thalamus, Hippocampus
Mnemonic: HAT Hippo

Question 8

Acts as a sensory processing and relay station

Answer 8

Thalamus

Note that olfactory sensory information does not pass through the thalamus

Question 9

Regulates fear and anxiety, plays an underlying role in anger and violence
Bilateral lesions result in Kluver-Bucy syndrome, with symptoms of hyperorality, hypersexuality, and disinhibited behavior

Answer 9

Amygdala

Question 10

Regulates memory consolidation by converting short-term to long-term memory

Answer 10

Hippocampus

Lesion to the hippocampus results in anterograde amnesia, where new memories cannot be retained

Question 11

Regulates the maintenance of homeostasis by controlling the autonomic nervous system through the endocrine system

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Translates to hypo-, meaning below, the thalamus

Question 12

3 components of emotion

Answer 12

cognitive, behavioral, and physiological

Question 13

Mental processes accompanying an emotion, involved in appraisal of the situation

Answer 13

Cognitive

Example: Thoughts, beliefs, expectations

Question 14

Immediate outward reaction to an emotion that is involuntary and automatic

Answer 14

Behavioral

Example: Smiling, gasping

Question 15

Bodily processes accompanying an emotion

Answer 15

Physiological

Example: Sweating, change in heart rate, change in respiration