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bms2011 - neuroscience > Lecture 11 - Vision > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Vision Flashcards

1
Q

from which range of wavelengths of light is the visual system sensitive to?

A

380-740nm

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2
Q

which pathway in the brain is for spatial location (where)?

A

dorsal

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3
Q

which pathway in the brain is for object identification (what)?

A

ventral

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4
Q

how many cell types in the retina, how many nuclear layers and how many synaptic layers?

A

7, 3, 2

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5
Q

name the 3 nuclear layers of the retina

A

outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer

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6
Q

name the types of cells found in the retinal outer nuclear layer

A

photoreceptors - rods and cones

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7
Q

name the types of cells found in the retinal inner nuclear layer

A

horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cells

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8
Q

name the type of glial cell found in the retina

A

muller cell

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9
Q

name the 2 synaptic layers of the retina

A

outer plexiform and inner plexiform

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10
Q

in the outer plexiform synaptic latyer of the retina there are synaptic connections between which 3 types of cells?

A

photoreceptors, horizontal and bipolar cells

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11
Q

in the iner plexiform synaptic layer of the retina there are synaptic connections between which 3 types of cells?

A

bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells

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12
Q

order the layers of the retina from outermost to innermost: outer nuclear, inner nuclear, ganglion, outer plexiform, inner plexiform

A

outermost: outer nuclear, outer plexiform, inner nuclear, inner plexiform, ganglion : innermost

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13
Q

which type of cells span the entire thickness of the retina?

A

muller cells

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14
Q

in which synaptic layer of the retina are there on and off connections?

A

inner plexiform

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15
Q

name the range of light level in log cd/m2 that rods allow us to see light in

A

-6 to 1

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16
Q

name the range of light level in log cd/m2 that cones allow us to see light in

A

-3 to 10

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17
Q

the range of light in which rods are active is known as what?

A

scotopic range

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18
Q

the range of light in which cones are active is known as what?

A

photopic

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19
Q

the range of light in which cones and rod activity overlaps is known as what?

A

mesopic range

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20
Q

in which segments of rods/cones does phototransduction occur in? what is also contained within these segments?

A

outer segments, opsins

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21
Q

which photoreceptor is responsible for vision in dim light (darkness, moonlight, candlelight)?

A

rods

22
Q

which photoreceptor is responsible for vision in daylight/ bright sun/starlight?

A

cones

23
Q

which photoreceptors have high spatial acuity/high resolution images, low sensitivity and a narrow angle of coverage? what type of vision is this?

A

cones, central vision

24
Q

which type of photoreceptors have low resolution images/poor spatial acuity, high sensitivity and aids in motion detection? what type of vision is this?

A

rods, peripheral vision.

25
Q

short wavelength cones detect which colour of light?
long wavelength?
medium wavelength?

A

short - blue
long - red
medium - green

26
Q

photoreceptors trigger which two types of cell which creates a glutamatergic response?

A

bipolar and horizontal

27
Q

what sort of size receptive field does the fovea have? what about the periphery?

A

fovea is small, periphery large

28
Q

midget (p) cells are the basis for the what pathway and they recognise which two things?

A

form and colour

29
Q

parasol cells (m) detect which 2 things and are part of which pathway?

A

motion and distance, dorsal

30
Q

in which location in the brain does the division between the dorsal and ventral pathway become anatomically evident?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

31
Q

S cones connect to S-cone biplar cells - which colour is this detecting?

what about L and M cones - what colour?

A

S = blue
L+M = yellow

32
Q

in a B/Y bistratified ganglion cell where does the excitatory input come from? where does the inhibitory input come from?

A

excitatory from S cone bipolar cells
inhibitory from L+M cone bipolars

33
Q

what does the superior colliculus in the retinotectal tract aid?

A

eye movements

34
Q

what does the pretectum aid reflexes of?

A

pupil

35
Q

in the retinohypothalamic tract what is the hypothalamus responsible for?

A

circadian rhythms

36
Q

the left visual field falls on which nasal retina?

A

left

37
Q

what is the name of the location at which optic nerves from both eyes meet?

A

optic chiasm

38
Q

at the lateral geniculate nucleus how many layers in total? how many are parvo pathways at the top? how many are magno pathways at the bottom?

A

6 layers, top 4 are Parvo pathways, bottom 2 are Magno on each eye

39
Q

in the lateral geniculate nuclei for both eyes, give the pattern of contralateral and ipsilateral layers starting from 6 going down to 1

A

c, i, c, i, i, c

40
Q

to which cortex do LGN neurons project to

A

striate/6th

40
Q

what is the name of the band of myelinated axons runnning parallel to the surface of the cortex along the calcarine fissure of the occipital lobe?

A

stria of gennari

41
Q

main input from LGN is to which layer?

A

4

42
Q

in which layer of the striate cortex are cells monocular? what are they in the other layers?

A

layer 4, binocular

43
Q

what is the name of columns in which the striate cortex is organised? do they alternate between left and right eye?

A

ocular dominance columns, yes

44
Q

for which type of cells (simple or complex) is the hubel and wiesel model for?

A

simple

45
Q

which 2 types of cells in V1 receptive fields perform length summation?

A

complex and simple

46
Q

which type of cells in V1 receptive field have inhibitory flanks on the ends of the receptive field?

A

hypercomplex

47
Q

which type of cells in V1 receptive field have separate on and off subregions?

A

simple

48
Q

which type of cells in V1 receptive fields are line detectors?

A

simple

49
Q

which type of cells in V1 receptive fields are motion detectors?

A

complex

50
Q

which type of cells in V1 receptive fields are angle detectors?

A

hypercomplex

51
Q

which 3 types of cell can work together to decompose the outlines of a visual image into short segments
forming the basis of simple and complex
object recognition?

A

simple, complex and hypercomplex

bms2011 - neuroscience (19 decks)

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